F-Term-List

H03F1/00-3/45,220;3/50-3/52;3/62-3/64;3/68-3/72

AA00
TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS (ONE OR MORE TERMS FROM AA01-AA04 TO BE IMPARTED WITHOUT FAIL)

AA01

AA02

AA03

AA04

. Concentrated constant amplifiers

. . Low-frequency (Audible frequency) amplifiers

. . . DC amplifiers

. Distributed constant (Microwave, ultra high- frequency) amplifiers

AA11

AA12

AA13

AA14

AA15

AA16

AA17

AA18

AA19

AA20

. Direct-coupled amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers (Note, AK02)

. Cascode-connected amplifiers (AM04 also, Note, AM17)

. Totem pole amplifiers (Note, AM18)

. Push-pull amplifiers

. . DEPP, balanced type PP(AA22 also)

. . SEPP (AA22 also)

. . . Complementary (Complementary types) (Note, AH08, AH17-AH18)

. . . Semi-complementary (also AM07)

. . . SRPP (Note, AA18-AA19)

AA21

AA22

AA23

AA24

AA25

AA26

AA27

AA28

AA29

. Parallel connection type amplifiers (Parallel connections of Tr, see AM19)

. Balanced type amplifiers

. . BTL amplifiers

. Digital type amplifiers (Note, AA27, AA66)

. Switched capacitor type amplifiers (Note, AH38-AH40)

. Modulation type amplifiers (Note, AK53-AH57)

. . PWM type amplifiers (AA66 also) (Note, AA24, AK34)

. Tuning type amplifiers (Note, AK13-AK14)

. Magnetic amplifiers (Note, AH35)

AA31

AA32

AA33

AA34

AA35

. Reflection type amplifiers (Parametric, also see AA32)

. Parametric amplifiers (Reflection types, also see AA31)

. Injection-locked amplifiers (AK32 also)

. Transit-time effect type amplifiers (Note, AH22, AH46-AH48)

. Distribution type amplifiers

AA41

AA42

AA43

AA44

AA45

AA46

AA47

AA48

AA49

AA50

. Power amplifiers

. Current amplifiers

. . Current mirrors (Note, AK09)

. . . Multistage mirrors (Note, AK10)

. Impedance conversion amplifiers (Buffer amplifiers) (Note, AK03)

. Reversion amplifiers (Inverters) (Note, AK04)

. Arithmetic amplifiers (Operational amplifiers) (Note, AK01)

. Electric charge amplifiers (Charge amplifiers)

. Insulated amplifiers (Note, AH45, AH35-AH37)

. Logarithmic amplifiers

AA51

AA53

AA54

AA55

AA56

AA57

AA58

AA59

. Amplifiers having switching configurations

. . Input (output) signal shifting type amplifiers (Note, AH38-AH41)

. . Gate amplifiers, amplifiers capable of breaking output signals

. . Bidirectional amplifiers

. Optical input amplifiers (AH44 or AH45 also)

. Mixing amplifiers (Excluding frequency-conversion)

. Constant-voltage generation circuits (Including bias voltage generation circuits) (Note, AK11)

. Constant-current generation circuits (Including bias current generation circuits) (Note, AK05-AK06)

AA61

AA62

AA63

AA64

AA65

AA66

AA67

AA68

. Operation classes

. . A class amplifiers

. . AB class amplifiers

. . B class amplifiers

. . C class amplifiers

. . D class amplifiers (Note, AA24, 26, 27)

. . F class amplifiers

. . Operation class variable type amplifiers (AA61, 67 also)

AC00
PURPOSES, EFFECTS

AC01

AC02

AC03

AC04

AC05

. Compensation (Phase compensation, see AC26)

. . Temperature compensation (Influence reduction of temperature changes) (Note, AC86, AK65)

. . Compensation for secular changes, changes with the lapse of time

. . Reducing influences of power supply voltage variations, compensation (Ripples, see AC47)

. . . Reducing influences of power supply voltage drop (Note, AC37)

AC11

AC12

AC13

AC14

AC15

AC16

AC17

AC18

AC19

AC20

. Countermeasures against fluctuations of output DC voltages, adjustments

. . Countermeasures against drifts (Note, AC02-05, 13)

. . Countermeasures against offsets (Note, AC12, 14)

. Reducing influences of element fluctuations ("Fluctuations of XX ") *

. . Reducing influences of fluctuations of Tr or diodes

. Reducing influences of parasitic elements ("Parasitism of XX ")

. . By parasitic transistors

. . By parasitic capacitances

. . . Reducing mirror effects

. Reducing early effects

AC21

AC22

AC23

AC24

AC25

AC26

AC27

. Reducing distortions (Including linearity improvements)

. . Reducing amplitude distortions

. . . Reducing switching distortions, notching distortions

. . . Reducing cross-over distortions

. . . Preventing saturation of amplitude (Note, AC32-35)

. . Reducing phase distortions (Including phase compensation)

. . Reducing harmonic distortions (Including spurious removal)

AC31

AC32

AC33

AC34

AC35

AC36

AC37

. Balance improvements of positive and negative of AC outputs (Amplitude balances, also see AC22)

. Improvements of dynamic ranges (Note, AC25, 35)

. . Increasing output voltage (current) amplitude

. . . Swinging to vicinity of power supply voltages (currents)

. Gain improvements (Note, A32-34)

. Improving power efficiency, reducing power consumption, power saving

. Lowering power supply voltages (Note, AC05, 34)

AC41

AC42

AC43

AC44

AC45

AC46

AC47

AC48

AC49

AC50

. Reducing noises (Spurious, see AC27)

. . Generating sources being elements

. . . Generating sources being resistances (AH25-26 also)

. . . Generating sources being transistors (AH02-16, 27, 31 also)

. . . Generating sources being diodes (AH19-22 also)

. . Noise reduction from power sources

. . . Reducing influences of power supply ripple components

. . Noise reduction in power supply (Pop sound removal)

. . Noise reduction in power supply interruption (Pop sound removal)

. . Countermeasures against spikes (Note, AA26, 27)

AC51

AC52

AC53

AC54

AC55

AC56

AC57

AC58

. . Noise reduction due to induction, electromagnetic fields

. . . Countermeasures against crosstalk

. . Removal of common mode signals (CMRR) (Note, AA12, 22, AK02)

. Oscillation prevention (Note, AC26)

. Protection (e.g. load protection) ("Protection of XX")*

. . Protection of amplifiers

. . . Protection of amplifying elements

. Improvements of other reliability

AC61

AC62

AC63

AC64

AC65

. Changes of frequency characteristics (Note, AS02, 03)

. . Broadening bands (Note, AC64)

. . . Peaking (Note, AC64)

. . Flattening (Note, AC64, AK13)

. . Improvements of through rates (rising speeds) (Note, AC62)

AC71

AC72

AC73

AC74

AC75

AC76

AC77

AC78

. Changes of input impedance characteristics

. . Increasing input impedances

. Changes of output impedance characteristics

. . Decreasing output impedances

. Matching

. Mismatching

. Drives of inductive loads

. Drives of capacitive loads

AC81

AC82

AC83

AC84

AC85

AC86

AC87

AC88

AC89

. Deformation improvements of bias circuits (AA58, 59 or AK 12 also)

. . Making operation points, idle currents of Tr constant

. . . Detecting idle currents

. Changes of mirror ratios (AA43-44 or AK09-10 also)

. High speed starting

. Heat radiation, cooling (Note, AC02, 56-57, Ak65)

. Lowering cost of amplifiers per se (Note, AC91-96)

. Improvement of accuracy of amplification factors

. Fail-safe

AC91

AC92

AC93

AC94

AC95

AC96

AC97

AC98

AC99

. Facilitating IC formation (AC92-96 also)

. Simplification of circuits, downsizing and weight reduction (XX is unnecessary, see free words)

. . Condensers to be unnecessary (Note, AC91)

. . Coils (inductances) to be unnecessary (Note, AC91)

. . Resistances to be unnecessary (Note, AC91)

. . Transformers to be unnecessary (BTL, see AA23)

. Testing of amplifiers per se

. Adjustments of amplifiers per se

. Combined use with other circuits (Note, AF14)

AF00
SOLVING MEANS, SOLVING PHILOSOPHY

AF01

AF02

AF03

AF04

AF05

AF06

AF07

AF08

AF09

AF10

. Lowering voltage, limiting voltage

. Providing constant voltages

. Providing high voltages

. Providing small voltages, limiting currents

. Providing constant currents

. Providing large currents

. Use of same characteristics

. Use of reversal characteristics

. Use of differential signals

. Bias controls

AF11

AF12

AF13

AF14

AF15

AF16

AF17

AF18

AF19

AF20

. Formation of biases

. Changes, limitation of constants

. Use of dummies

. Sharing, combined uses

. Combinations of plural amplifiers

. Devising mounting, semiconductor structures

. Use of feedbacks (AM11-13 also)

. Switching (Note, AH38-41)

. Phase controls

. Use of AF20AXYZ (F-term keyword)

AH00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

AH01

AH02

AH03

AH04

AH05

AH06

AH07

AH08

AH09

AH10

. Semiconductor elements

. . Bipolar transistors (Bi-Tr)

. . . Lateral transistors

. . . Multi-emitter transistors

. . . Multi-collector transistors

. . . HBT (Hetero-junction Bi-Tr)

. . . Bipolar Tr characterized by structures or thresholds

. . . Combinations of NPNTr and PNPTr

. . FET (GaAsFET, also see AH24)

. . . MOSEFT, MISFET

AH11

AH12

AH13

AH14

AH15

AH16

AH17

AH18

AH19

AH20

. . . MESFET, Schottky FET

. . . HEMT

. . . Dual gate FET

. . . Depression, normally ON

. . . Enhancement, normally OFF

. . . FET characterized by structures or thresholds

. . . Combination of P types and N types

. . Combinations of bipolar transistors (Tr) and field effect transistors

. . Diodes (LED, see also AH44 or AF45)

. . . Zener diodes

AH21

AH22

AH23

AH24

AH25

AH26

AH27

AH28

AH29

AH30

. . . Variable capacity diodes, varactor diodes (AH30-31 also)

. . . Gunn diode or IMPATT diodes (Note, AA34)

. . Thyristor, TRIAC, GTO (AH39 also)

. . GaAs semiconductor elements (Note, AH06, 09, 11, 12)

. Resistances

. . Variable resistances

. . Resistances configured of Tr or diodes

. . Negative resistances (Note, AK58)

. Capacitors

. . Variable capacity capacitors (Varactors, see also AH21, 31)

AH31

AH32

AH33

AH34

AH35

AH36

AH37

AH38

AH39

AH40

. . Capacity constituted of Tr or diodes

. . Coupling condensers

. Coils (Inductance) (Transformers, see AH35, Relays, see AH41)

. . Variable inductances

. . Transformers

. . . Transformers with more than three coils

. . . Transformers with intermediate taps

. Switches

. . Electronic switching elements (Thyristors and GTO, see also AH23)

. . Interlocking switches

AH41

AH42

AH43

AH44

AH45

AH46

AH47

AH48

AH49

. . Relays (Semiconductor relays, see also AH39)

. Sensors (Optical sensors, see AH44-45)

. . Heat-sensitive elements, thermo-couples, thermistors, bi-metals

. Optical elements (light emitting or light receiving elements), phototubes

. . Optically-coupled elements, photocouplers

. Electron tubes

. . Klystrons

. . Traveling wave tubes (TWT)

. Fuses

AK00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

AK01

AK02

AK03

AK04

AK05

AK06

AK07

AK08

AK09

AK10

. Arithmetic amplifiers (Operating amplifiers) (Note, AA47)

. Differential amplifiers (Note, AA12)

. Impedance converters (Buffers) (Emitter and followers, or the like, see AM01-05)

. Reversal amplifiers (Inverters) (Only being clearly indicated) (Note, AA46)

. Constant current sources of signs or one piece of resistances

. Other constant current sources (Note, AA59)

. Variable current sources of signs

. Other variable current sources

. Current mirrors (Note, AA43)

. . Multistage mirrors (Note, AA44)

AK11

AK12

AK13

AK14

AK15

AK16

AK17

AK18

AK19

AK20

. Constant voltage generating circuits (Note, AA58)

. Bias circuits (Note, AA58-59)

. Resonance circuits, resonators

. Tuning circuits

. Delay circuits

. Phase shifters

. Voltage, current comparators (Phase comparators, see AK00)

. Level shift circuits

. Hold circuits

. Limiter circuits

AK21

AK22

AK23

AK24

AK25

AK26

AK27

AK28

AK29

AK30

. Clamp circuits

. Clip circuits

. Attenuation circuits, attenuators

. Bootstrap circuits (AC33 or AC34 also)

. Time constant circuits

. Adding and subtracting circuits

. I/V conversion

. Current detectors

. Matching units

. Differentiating circuits

AK31

AK32

AK33

AK34

AK35

AK36

AK37

AK38

. Integration circuits

. Oscillation circuits

. Digital circuits (Pulse circuits)*

. . A/D, D/A converter

. . Counter

. . Bi-stable multiplicity, flip-flop

. . Mono-stable multiplicity

. . Schmidt circuit or hysteresis circuits

AK41

AK42

AK43

AK44

AK45

AK46

AK47

AK48

AK49

. Filters

. . LPF, high pass cutoff filters, smoothing circuits

. . . DC pass filters

. . BPF

. . BRF, BSF

. . HPF, low pass filters

. Single power supply (Note, AM21-25)

. Plural power supplies (Note, AM21-25)

. Switching of power supplies, variable power supplies (Note, AM 21-25)

AK51

AK52

AK53

AK54

AK55

AK56

AK57

AK58

AK59

. Rectifier circuits

. . Synchronizing circuits

. Modulators

. . Magnetic modulators

. Demodulators, detectors

. Choppers

. DC and AC converters (Inverters)

. Circuits with negative resistance characteristics (Note, AH28)

. Characteristic grounding circuits

AK61

AK62

AK63

AK64

AK65

AK66

AK67

AK68

. Jacks, plugs, connectors

. Speakers

. Headphones, earphones

. Microphones

. Cooling devices (Note, AC02, 55-57, 86)

. Printed circuit boards

. Indication, display

. Other microwave elements

AM00
CONNECTION AND CONFIGURATION

AM01

AM02

AM03

AM04

AM05

AM06

AM07

AM08

AM09

AM10

. Emitters and followers (Note, AK03 is unnecessary)

. Sources and followers (Note, AK03 is unnecessary)

. Collector grounding, drain grounding (Note, AK03 is unnecessary)

. Base grounding, gate grounding (Note, AK03 is unnecessary)

. Voltage followers (Note, AK03 is unnecessary)

. Darlington connections

. . Inverted Darlington connections (AH08 or AH18 also)

. Multistage (Cascade) connection amplifiers

. Bridge connections

. Multiple-input signal configuration (Input signal switching, also see AA53)

AM11

AM12

AM13

AM14

AM15

AM16

AM17

AM18

AM19

AM20

. Feedback (Return) configurations

. . Positive feedbacks

. . Negative feedbacks (Excluding mere emitter feedback resistances)

. Feedforward configuration

. . Positive feed forwards

. . Negative feed forwards

. Cascode-connection (MA04 also)

. Totem pole connections (Note, AA14, AM17)

. Parallel connections of transistors

. Having control loop (Feedbacks, feed forwards, see AM11-16)

AM21

AM22

AM23

AM24

AM25

. Driving by single units (Note, AK47-49)

. Driving with plural electric potential (Note, AK47-49)

. . Driving with positive and negative electric potentials (Note, AK47-49)

. . . Driving with only plus/minus V1 (Note, AK47-49)

. . . Driving with only plus/minus V1, plus/minus V2 . . . . . . (Note, AK47-49)

AQ00
STRUCTURES

AQ01

AQ02

AQ03

AQ04

AQ05

AQ06

. Semiconductor structures

. . Cross-sectional structures, layered structures

. . Plane structures, layouts

. Part mounting (Mechanical structures)

. Chassis, cases

. Structures for shields

AS00
APPLICATIONS

AS01

AS02

AS03

AS04

AS05

AS06

AS07

AS08

AS09

AS10

. Preamplifiers (Pre-amplifiers)

. Equalizers (Arbitrary frequency characteristics)

. . For emphasis, de-emphasis (e.g. RIAA)

. Multi-amplifiers

. Audio amplifiers (AA02 or AA03 also)

. . Stereos (AA02 or AA03 also)

. Vehicle-mounted equipment

. Video equipment

. . Video signal (NTSC, Y, C) amplifiers

. Amplifiers for electromagnetic recording and reproduction

AS11

AS12

AS13

AS14

AS15

AS16

. Servo amplifiers

. Boosters

. Communication equipment

. . Transmitters

. Testing, measuring equipment

. For switching

AT00
DRAWING INFORMATION (SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, CROSS-SECTIONAL DRAWINGS, SUBSTANCE DRAWINGS TO BE IMPARTED TO QA01-04)

AT01

AT02

AT03

AT04

AT05

AT06

AT07

. Block diagrams

. Characteristic charts

. . Frequency characteristics

. . Temperature characteristics

. . Smith charts

. Waveform charts

. Flowcharts

H03F3/62-3/64;3/68-3/72

CA00
TYPES OF GATE AMPLIFIERS

CA01

CA02

CA03

CA04

. Inserting SWs into signal lines

. Performing SW between signal lines and fixed potentials

. Gates by bias controls

. Gates by power source controls

CB00
TYPES OF BIDIRECTIONAL AMPLIFIERS

CB01

CB02

CB03

CB04

. Switched by input signals

. . Switched by frequencies of input signals

. . Switched by duplexers

. Switched by external control signals

CC00
PURPOSES AND EFFECTS OF COMBINED AMPLIFIERS

CC01

CC02

. Switching of stereo or mono

. For sound qualities, sound fields, acoustic feeling

CK00
MICROWAVE CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

CK01

CK02

CK03

CK04

CK05

CK06

CK07

. Waveguides, ridges, fins

. Coaxes

. Strips, microstrips

. Isolators

. Circulators

. Duplexers, distributors

. Multiplexers, synthesizers

H03F3/45-3/45,220

DM00
INPUT STAGE CONFIGURATIONS

DM01

DM02

DM03

DM04

DM05

. Input current reduction configurations

. . Darlington configurations (AM06-07 also)

. . Provided with FET (AH09-18 also)

. Provided with current bias circuits

. . Provided with current compensation means

DN00
AMPLIFIER PART CONFIGURATIONS

DN01

DN02

DN03

DN04

DN05

DN06

DN07

DN08

DN09

. Differential pairs

. . Complementary types (Note, HA08, 17, 18)

. . Double balanced types (AA22 also)

. . Parallel types (AA21 also)

. . Cascade connection types (Note, MA08)

. . Configurations of amplifier elements per se

. . . Specifying emitter regions (HA07 also)

. . . Specifying channel dimensions (HA16 also)

. . Using inverters (KA04 also)

DN11

DN12

DN13

DN14

DN15

DN16

. Load circuit configurations

. . Using active elements (Active loads)

. . . Active loads being negative resistances (Note, HA28, KA58)

. . . Base (gate) commonly-connected active loads

. . . Providing bases (gates) for constant currents (KA05-06 also)

. . Loads inserted between collectors (drains)

DN21

DN22

DN23

DN24

DN25

DN26

DN27

DN28

. Emitter (source) circuit configurations

. . Emitter (source) direct connection configurations

. . Provided with constant current sources (AK05-06 also)

. . . Constant current sources being current mirror configurations (AK05-06 also)

. . Provided with emitter (source) feedback resistances

. . . Emitter (source) feedback resistances being negative resistances (Note, AH28, AK58)

. . Providing a bi-pass capacitor between emitters (sources) (Note, AH29, AK58)

. . Providing emitter (source) current variable circuits (Note, AK07-08)

DP00
OUTPUT STAGE CONFIGURATIONS

DP01

DP02

DP03

DP04

. Unbalanced output configurations

. Balanced output configurations

. Provided with current absorption circuits (Note, AK05-10)

. Current and current converter configurations (Note, Ak09-10)

H03F1/00-1/28;3/00-3/195;3/38-3/40

LU00
AMPLIFIERS FOR LIGHT RECEIVED SIGNALS

LU01

LU02

LU03

LU04

LU05

LU06

LU07

. Light receiving elements (AA56 also)

. . Photodiodes (AA56 also)

. . . Avalanche photodiodes (AA56 also)

. . Phototransistors (AA56 also)

. . Photoconductors (AA56 also)

. . Phototubes (AA56 also)

. Light emitting elements (AA56 also)

LV00
LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS AND HIGH-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS

LV01

LV02

LV03

LV04

LV05

LV06

LV07

LV08

LV09

LV10

. Interlocking (Note, AH40)

. Amplifier switching (Note, AA51, AF18)

. Level adjustments (Including gain control)

. Mixing (e.g. microphone mixing) (AA57 also)

. Filters (Including tuning circuits) (Note, AK14, AK41-46)

. Push-pull connections (Note, AA15)

. Preamplifiers (Pre-amplifiers) (AS01 also)

. Main amplifiers (Power amplifiers) (Note, AA41)

. Intermediate frequencies

. Video equipment (AS08 also)

MU00
PURPOSES OF MODULATION TYPE AMPLIFIERS

MU01

MU02

MU03

MU04

MU05

MU06

MU07

. Insulating amplification (Note, AA49)

. DC amplification (Note, AA03)

. Countermeasures against unnecessary signals (Note, AC11, AC41)

. . Countermeasures against offsets, drifts (Note, AC12, AC13)

. . Countermeasures against spikes (Note, AC50)

. Improvements of linearity (Note, AC04)

. Improvements of power supplies, transmitters (Note, AC04)

MV00
ELEMENTS, STRUCTURES OF DEMODULATED AMPLIFIERS

MV01

MV02

MV03

MV04

MV05

MV06

MV07

MV08

MV09

MV10

. Optically coupled elements (Including photocoupler) (AH45 also)

. Transformers (Including saturable transformer) (AH35 also)

. . Transformers with more than three coils (AH36 also)

. . Transformers with intermediate taps (AH37 also)

. Interlocked switches (AH40 also)

. Differential amplifiers (Including operational amplifier) (Note, AK01, AK02)

. Comparator circuits (Comparators) (AK17 also)

. Integration circuits (AK31 also)

. Digital circuits (D/A converter or the like) (AK33 also) (Note, AK34)

. Multiple power supplies (AK48, AM23-25 also)

MV11

MV12

MV13

MV14

MV15

MV16

MV17

MV18

MV19

MV20

. Demodulation, rectification (Note, AK51, AK55)

. . Synchronous rectification (AK52 also)

. Magnetic modulator (AK54 also)

. Choppers (AK56 also)

. Inverters (DC/AC conversion) (AK57 also)

. Multi (point) input configurations (AM10 also)

. Special inputs (thermocouple inputs or the like)

. Feedback circuits (AM11 also)

. AC amplifiers (Note, AA01, AA02)

. Pulse width modulators (PWM) (AA27 also)

H03F1/30-1/40

NC00
PURPOSES OF TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE COMPENSATION

NC01

NC02

NC03

NC04

. Compensating temperature characteristics of circuit elements configuring amplifiers

. . Compensating temperature fluctuations of Vbe of transistors, VF of diodes

. Prevention of element destruction caused by temperature rise (Either of AC55-57 also)

. Compensating gain variations

ND00
PURPOSES OF FEEDBACKS

ND01

ND02

. Adjustment and change of input and output impedances (Including dumping factors) (Note, AC71-74)

. Adjustment changes of gains

NF00
MEANS FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE COMPENSATION

NF01

NF02

NF03

NF04

NF05

NF06

NF07

NF08

NF09

NF10

. Due to generation of constant bias voltages, currents

. . Using voltages of constant voltage diodes as references

. Having means directly detecting fluctuations of power supply voltages

. By improvements of elements

. Arranging characteristics of plural elements (Note, AF07)

. Controls of bias, idling currents (Note, AF10)

. Open loop controls (Note, AF20)

. Closed loop controls (Note, AM20)

. Superimposing variation portions on signal voltages, currents and offsetting them (Note, AF08)

. Feedbacks (Note, AM11-12)

NF11

NF12

NF13

NF14

. AGC (Clear descriptions, also see AK00 and keyword "AGC")

. Using operating points having not temperature fluctuations

. Detecting collector losses

. Thermal coupling (Note, AH42-43)

NG00
MEANS FOR REDUCING DISTORTIONS

NG01

NG02

NG03

NG04

NG05

NG06

NG07

NG08

NG09

NG10

. Reducing distortion generations per se

. Reducing distortions by offsetting (Note, AF07-08)

. . Pre (post) distortions (Note, AF07-08)

. Generating distortion elements (Note, AF07-08)

. Extracting distortion components

. Feedbacks (Note, AM11-13)

. Feed forwards (Note, AM14-16)

. AGC (Clear descriptions, also see AK00 and keyword "AGC")

. By improvements of elements

. Displaying distortions (AK67 also)

NG11

. Making input and output characteristics non-linear (Note, AC25)

NH00
ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS USED FOR COMPENSATION, ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF FEEDBACK CIRCUITS

NH01

NH02

NH03

NH04

NH05

NH06

NH07

NH08

NH09

NH10

. Integration circuits (AK31 also)

. Differential circuits (AK30 also)

. Adding and subtracting circuits (AK26 also)

. Multiplying and dividing circuits

. Smoothing circuits (AK25 also)

. Time constant circuits (AK25 also)

. Comparator circuits (Voltages and currents, also see AK17, Phases, also see AK00)

. Detection circuits (AK55 also)

. Rectification circuits (AK51 or 52 also)

. Hold circuits (AK19 also)

NH11

NH12

NH13

NH14

NH15

NH16

NH17

NH18

NH19

NH20

. Limiter circuits (AK20 also)

. Peak detecting circuits

. Variable elements (capacities, inductances, voltage sources or the like) (Note, AH30-34)

. . Variable resistances (AH26 also)

. Switching elements, switches (Any of AH38-41 also)

. Frequency elements, filters (Note, AK41-46)

. . LPF (AK42 also)

. . HPF (AK46 also)

. . Variable switching

. Temperature sensing elements (AH43 also)

NH21

NH22

NH23

. Constant voltage sources, constant voltage elements (Note, AK11)

. . Zener diodes (AH20 also)

. Characterized by using other elements and structural elements

NM00
TYPES OF FEEDBACKS

NM01

NM02

NM03

NM04

NM05

NM06

. Current feedbacks (Note, AK27-28)

. Voltage feedbacks

. Hybrid feedbacks

. Having plural feedback circuits

. Remote sensing

. Motional feedbacks (Note, AK62-63)

NN00
CONFIGURATIONS OF FEEDBACKS

NN01

NN02

NN03

NN04

NN05

NN06

NN07

. Extraction parts of feedback signals (Characterised, see free words)

. . Extracting plural voltages, currents

. . Extracting signals other than amplified signals

. Returning points of feedback signals (Characterised, see free word )

. . Having plural returning points

. . Returning to bias circuits (Note, AM20)

. . Returning to ATT, VCA, and controlling it (Note, AM20)

NN11

NN12

NN13

NN14

NN15

NN16

NN17

. Signal processing in feedback circuits (Characterised, see free word)

. . Providing frequency characteristics (Note, AC61-64)

. . . Extracting direct-current components

. . . Extracting AC components

. . Extracting idling current components (Note, AC83)

. . Extracting distortion components or noise components

. . Extracting envelope signal (Note, AK42, AK51)

H03F1/42-1/56;3/20-3/36;3/42-3/44;3/50-3/52

PF00
ABNORMALITY DETECTION MEANS

PF01

PF02

PF03

PF04

PF05

PF06

PF07

PF08

PF09

PF10

. Detecting input signals

. Detecting output signals

. Detecting signals of specified portions other than inputs and outputs

. Comparing input signals with output signals, and detecting

. Detection of currents

. Detection of voltage

. Detection of voltages

. Detection of temperatures

. Detection of specified frequency components

. . Detection of DC components

PG00
PROTECTION MEANS

PG01

PG02

PG03

PG04

PG05

PG06

PG07

PG08

. Controlling inputs

. Controlling motion of output elements

. Controlling loads

. . Separating loads

. Controlling power supplies

. . Isolating power supplies

. Cooling

. Displaying abnormalities

H03F1/00-1/28;3/00-3/195;3/38-3/40

RF00
NOISE GENERATION PREVENTING MEANS

RF01

RF02

RF03

RF04

RF05

RF06

RF07

RF08

RF09

RF10

. By-passing signal transmission lines

. . By-passing by electronic switching elements

. . By-passing by mechanical switching elements

. Isolating signal transmission paths

. . Isolating with electronic switching elements

. . Isolating with mechanical switching elements

. Preventing output voltage from suddenly rising or falling

. . Making constant time output terminal to be grounding potential

. . Making constant time output transistor to be OFF

. . Making rising of output transistor to be smooth

RF11

RF12

RF13

RF14

RF15

RF16

. . Making potential of input terminal and feedback terminal balanced

. Making an amplifying function to be non-operable while a power supply voltage is unstable.

. . Stop operation of constant current source

. Control of timing of applying voltage to plural amplifiers

. . Using electronic switching elements

. . Using mechanical switching elements

RG00
MEANS FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY

RG01

RG02

RG03

RG04

RG05

RG06

RG07

RG08

RG09

. Continuously changing power supply voltages according to signal levels

. . Controlling power supply voltages by switching

. . Controlling power supply voltages by other amplifiers

. . Providing voltage adjustment elements between power supply and amplification elements

. Switching plural power supply voltages according to signal levels

. . Amplification elements being connected in series

. . Amplification elements being connected in parallel

. . Providing power supply voltages temporally at high levels

. Controlling biases according to signal levels

RU00
GENERATING SOURCES, AND TYPES OF NOISES

RU01

RU02

RU03

RU04

RU05

RU06

RU07

RU08

RU09

RU10

. Noises generating from elements (AC42 also)

. . Noises generating from transistors (AC 44 also)

. . Thermal noises

. . Noises generated by loads

. . Noises generated by fluctuations of elements

. Noises from power supplies (AC46 also)

. . Noises caused by power ripples (AC47 also)

. . Noises caused by induction

. . Noises caused by bias power supplies

. Noises generated by temperature changes

RU11

RU12

RU13

RU14

. Noises generated by magnetic tapes

. High-frequency noises

. Low-frequency noises

. Externally-produced noises

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WU00
SPECIAL CONFIGURATIONS OF POWER AMPLIFIERS

WU01

WU02

WU03

WU04

WU05

WU07

WU08

WU09

WU10

. Self-excited type PWM

. Separately excited type PWM

. A certain amplifier driving another amplifier

. . One side being PWM amplifiers

. Having forced cooling devices

. Emitter outputs (Source outputs)

. Collector outputs (Drain outputs)

. Complementary (Complementary types)

. Semi-complementary

5J500	Amplifiers
	H03F1/00 -3/45,220;3/50-3/52;3/62-3/64;3/68-3/72