F-Term-List

H03F1/30-1/40

AA00
TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS

AA01

AA02

AA03

AA04

. Lumped-constant amplifiers

. . Low-frequency amplifiers (i.e., audible frequency)

. . . DC Amplifiers

. Distributed constant amplifiers (e.g., microwave or ultra-high- frequency)

AA11

AA12

AA13

AA14

AA15

AA16

AA17

AA18

AA19

AA20

. Directly-coupled amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers

. Cascode-connected amplifiers

. Totem pole amplifiers

. Push-pull amplifiers

. . Double ended push-pull (DEPP) or balanced type push-pull amplifiers

. . Single-ended push-pull (SEPP) amplifiers

. . . Complementary single-ended push-pull amplifiers

. . . Semi-complementary single-ended push-pull amplifiers

. . . Shunt-regulated push-pull (SRPP) amplifiers

AA21

AA22

AA23

AA24

AA25

AA26

AA27

AA28

AA29

. Parallel connected amplifiers

. Balanced amplifiers

. . Balanced transformerless (BTL) amplifiers

. Digital amplifiers

. Switched capacitor amplifiers

. Modulation amplifiers

. . Pulse width modulation (PWM) amplifiers

. Tuning amplifiers

. Magnetic amplifiers

AA31

AA32

AA33

AA34

AA35

. Reflecting amplifiers

. Parametric amplifiers

. Injection-locked amplifiers

. Transit-time effect type amplifiers

. Distribution amplifiers

AA41

AA42

AA43

AA44

AA45

AA46

AA47

AA48

AA49

AA50

. Power amplifiers

. Current amplifiers

. . Current mirror circuits

. . . Multi-stage mirror circuits

. Impedance conversion amplifiers (e.g., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Operational amplifiers (i.e., op-amps)

. Charge amplifiers (i.e., charge amps)

. Insulated amplifiers

. Logarithmic amplifiers

AA51

AA53

AA54

AA55

AA56

AA57

AA58

AA59

. Amplifiers that have switching apparatuses

. . Input or output signal switching amplifiers

. . Gate amplifiers, or amplifiers capable of cutting off output signals

. . Two-way amplifiers

. Optical input amplifiers

. Mixing amplifiers (i.e., excluding frequency conversion)

. Constant voltage generating circuits (i.e., including bias voltage generating circuits)

. Constant current generating circuits (i.e.,including bias current generating circuits)

AA61

AA62

AA63

AA64

AA65

AA66

AA67

AA68

. Amplifier operating classes

. . Class A amplifiers

. . Class AB amplifiers

. . Class B amplifiers

. . Class C amplifiers

. . Class D amplifiers

. . Class F amplifiers

. . Amplifiers with variable operating classes (Also see AA61-AA67)

CA00
PURPOSE AND EFFECTS

CA01

CA02

CA03

CA04

CA05

. Compensation

. . Temperature compensation (i.e., reducing the effects of temperature variations)

. . Compensation for variations over extended periods of time or with passage of time

. . Reduction in or compensation for the effects of source voltage fluctuation

. . . Reduction in the effects of drops in source voltage

CA11

CA12

CA13

CA14

CA15

CA16

CA17

CA18

CA19

CA20

. Measures against or adjustment of fluctuation in output DC voltage

. . Drift countermeasures

. . Offset countermeasures

. Reduction in the effects of variations in elements

. . Reduction in the effects of variations in transistors or diodes

. Reduction in the effects of parasitic elements

. . Reduction in the effects of parasitic elements by means of parasitic transistors

. . Reduction in the effects of parasitic elements by means of parasitic capacitance

. . . Reduction in mirror effects

. Reduction in the Early effect

CA21

CA22

CA23

CA24

CA25

CA26

CA27

. Reduction in distortion (i.e., including improving linearity)

. . Reduction in amplitude distortion

. . . Reduction in switching distortion or notching distortion

. . . Reduction in crossover distortion

. . . Prevention of amplitude saturation

. . Reduction in phase distortion (i.e., including phase compensation)

. . Reduction in harmonic distortion (i.e., including spurious removal)

CA31

CA32

CA33

CA34

CA35

CA36

CA37

. Improved positive-negative balance in AC output

. Improved dynamic range

. . Increased output voltage or current amplitude

. . . Oscillation of output voltage or current close to the source voltage or current

. Improved gain

. Improved power efficiency, decreased power consumption or saving of power

. Decreased source voltage

CA41

CA42

CA43

CA44

CA45

CA46

CA47

CA48

CA49

CA50

. Noise reduction

. . Sources that are elements

. . . Sources that are resistors

. . . Sources that are transistors

. . . Sources that are diodes

. . Reduction of noise from power sources

. . . Reduction in the effects of power source ripple components

. . Reduction of noise when power is turned on (e.g., eliminating popping sounds)

. . Reduction of noise when power is turned off (e.g., eliminating popping sounds)

. . Spike countermeasures

CA51

CA52

CA53

CA54

CA55

CA56

CA57

CA58

. . Reduction of noise caused by induction or electromagnetic fields

. . . Crosstalk countermeasures

. . Common-mode signal elimination (i.e., common-mode rejection ratio)

. Prevention of oscillation

. Protection (e.g., load protection)

. . Protection of amplifiers

. . . Protection of amplifying elements

. Other improvements in reliability

CA61

CA62

CA63

CA64

CA65

. Change of frequency characteristics

. . Widening of frequency bands

. . . Peaking

. . Flattening of frequency bands

. . Improved through rate (i.e., rise speed)

CA71

CA72

CA73

CA74

CA75

CA76

CA77

CA78

. Change of input impedance characteristics

. . Increased input impedance (i.e., high input impedance)

. Change of output impedance characteristics

. . Decreased output impedance (i.e., low output impedance)

. Matching

. Mismatching

. Inductive load driving

. Capacitive load driving

CA81

CA82

CA83

CA84

CA85

CA86

CA87

CA88

CA89

. Improved bias circuit deformation

. . Constant transistor operating points or idling current

. . . Sensing of idling current

. Change of mirror ratios (Also see AA43-AA44 and KA09-KA10)

. High-speed starting

. Heat radiation or cooling

. Decreased cost of amplifiers per se

. Improved precision of amplification rate

. Fail-safes

CA91

CA92

CA93

CA94

CA95

CA96

CA97

CA98

CA99

. Facilitation of change to integrated circuits (IC)

. Simplification of circuits, reduction in size and weight, or elimination of the need for components

. . Elimination of the need for capacitors

. . Elimination of the need for coils (i.e., inductance)

. . Elimination of the need for resistors

. . Elimination of the need for transformers

. Testing of amplifiers per se

. Adjustment of amplifiers per se

. Shared use with other circuits

H03F1/30@A;1/30@B;1/30@Z

CN00
PURPOSE OF TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OR SOURCE VOLTAGE COMPENSATION

CN01

CN02

CN03

CN04

. Compensation for temperature characteristics of circuit elements that comprise amplifiers

. . Compensation for temperature fluctuations in transistor base-emitter voltage or diode forward voltage

. Prevention of element damage due to rises in temperature

. Compensation for fluctuations in gain

H03F1/34;1/36;1/38;1/40

DN00
PURPOSE OF FEEDBACK

DN01

DN02

. Adjustment or change of input or output impedance (i.e., including damping factor)

. Adjustment of or change in gain

H03F1/30-1/40

FA00
MEANS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

FA01

FA02

FA03

FA04

FA05

FA06

FA07

FA08

FA09

FA10

. Lowering of voltage or limiting of voltage

. Change to constant voltage

. Change to high voltage

. Reduction in or limiting of current

. Change to constant current

. Change to stronger current

. Combination of elements having the same characteristics

. Combination of elements having different characteristics

. Use of differential signals

. Bias control

FA11

FA12

FA13

FA14

FA15

FA16

FA17

FA18

FA19

FA20

. Bypass formation

. Change or limiting of constants

. Use of dummies

. Combined or dual-purpose use

. Combinations of multiple amplifiers

. Design of mounting or semiconductor structures

. Use of feedback

. Switching

. Phase control

. Use of FA20-greek capital letter delta AOO

H03F1/30@A;1/30@B;1/30@Z

FN00
MEANS FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OR SOURCE VOLTAGE COMPENSATION

FN01

FN02

FN03

FN04

FN05

FN06

FN07

FN08

FN09

FN10

. Variants that generate fixed bias voltage or current

. . Use of voltage from constant voltage diodes as reference

. Variants that have means for detecting source voltage fluctuation directly

. Improvements to elements

. Multiple elements that have uniform characteristics

. Bias or idling current control

. Open-loop control

. Closed-loop control

. Fluctuating portions that are canceled by superimposing on signal voltage or current

. Feedback

FN11

FN12

FN13

FN14

. Automatic gain control (AGC)

. Use of operating points with no temperature fluctuation

. Detection of collector loss

. Thermal coupling

H03F1/32

GN00
MEANS FOR REDUCING DISTORTION

GN01

GN02

GN03

GN04

GN05

GN06

GN07

GN08

GN09

GN10

. Reduction of actual generation of distortion

. Canceling of distortions with other distortions

. . Pre- or post-distortion

. Generation of distortion components

. Extraction of distortion components

. Feedback

. Feedforward

. Automatic gain control (AGC)

. Improvements to elements

. Indication of distortion

GN11

. Input or output characteristics that are made nonlinear

H03F1/30-1/40

HA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

HA01

HA02

HA03

HA04

HA05

HA06

HA07

HA08

HA09

HA10

. Semiconductor elements

. . Bipolar transistors

. . . Lateral transistors

. . . Multi-emitter transistors

. . . Multi-collector transistors

. . . HBT (i.e., hetero-junction bipolar transistors)

. . . Bipolar transistors that are characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of npn transistors and pnp transistors

. . Field-effect transistors (FET)

. . . Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) or metal insulator semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFET)

HA11

HA12

HA13

HA14

HA15

HA16

HA17

HA18

HA19

HA20

. . . Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET) (e.g., Schottky field-effect transistors)

. . . High electron mobility transistors (HEMT)

. . . Dual-gate field-effect transistors

. . . Depletion of or normally on field-effect transistors

. . . Enhancement of or normally off field-effect transistors

. . . Field-effect transistors that are characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of p-type and n-type field-effect transistors

. . Combinations of bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors

. . Diodes

. . . Zener diodes

HA21

HA22

HA23

HA24

HA25

HA26

HA27

HA28

HA29

HA30

. . . Variable capacitance diodes or varactor diodes

. . . Gunn diodes or impact avalanche transit-time (IMPATT) diodes

. . Thyristors, triode AC switches (TRIAC) or gate turn-offs (GATO)

. . Gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor elements

. Resistors

. . Variable resistors

. . Resistors constituted by transistors or diodes

. . Negative resistance

. Capacitors

. . Variable capacitance capacitors

HA31

HA32

HA33

HA34

HA35

HA36

HA37

HA38

HA39

HA40

. . Capacitance produced by transistors or diodes

. . Coupling capacitors

. Coils (i.e., inductance)

. . Variable inductance

. . Transformers

. . . Transformers with three or more windings

. . . Transformers with center taps

. Switches

. . Electronic switching elements

. . Interlocked switches

HA41

HA42

HA43

HA44

HA45

HA46

HA47

HA48

HA49

. . Relays

. Sensors

. . Temperature-sensitive elements, thermocouples, thermistors, or bimetals

. Optical elements (e.g., light emission or light reception), or photoelectric tubes

. . Optical coupling elements or photocouplers

. Electron tubes

. . Klystrons

. . Traveling-wave tubes (TWT)

. Fuses

H03F1/30@A;1/30@B;1/30@Z;1/32;1/34;1/36;1/38;1/40

HN00
CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS USED FOR COMPENSATION, AND CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF FEEDBACK CIRCUITS

HN01

HN02

HN03

HN04

HN05

HN06

HN07

HN08

HN09

HN10

. Integrating circuits

. Differentiation circuits

. Addition and subtraction circuits

. Multiplication and division circuits

. Smoothing circuits

. Time-constant circuits

. Comparison circuits

. Detecting circuits

. Rectifying circuits

. Hold circuits

HN11

HN12

HN13

HN14

HN15

HN16

HN17

HN18

HN19

HN20

. Limiter circuits

. Peak sensing circuits

. Variable elements (e.g., capacitance, inductance or voltage sources)

. . Variable resistors

. Switching elements or switches

. Frequency elements or filters

. . Low-pass filters (LPF)

. . High-pass filters (HPF)

. . Switching or variable items

. Temperature-sensitive elements

HN21

HN22

HN23

. Constant voltage sources or constant voltage elements

. . Zener diodes

. Variants that are characterized by their use of other elements or components

H03F1/30-1/40

KA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

KA01

KA02

KA03

KA04

KA05

KA06

KA07

KA08

KA09

KA10

. Operational amplifiers (i.e., op-amps)

. Differential amplifiers

. Impedance transducers (e.g., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Constant current source shown with symbol or one resistor

. Other constant current sources

. Variable current sources shown with symbol

. Other variable current sources

. Current mirrors

. . Multistage mirror circuits

KA11

KA12

KA13

KA14

KA15

KA16

KA17

KA18

KA19

KA20

. Constant voltage generating circuits

. Bias circuits

. Resonance circuits or resonators

. Tuning circuits

. Delay circuits

. Phase shifters

. Voltage-current comparators

. Level shift circuits

. Hold circuits

. Limiter circuits

KA21

KA22

KA23

KA24

KA25

KA26

KA27

KA28

KA29

KA30

. Clamp circuits

. Clip circuits

. Attenuation circuits or attenuators

. Bootstrap circuits

. Time-constant circuits

. Addition and subtraction circuits

. Current-voltage conversion

. Current sensors

. Matchers

. Differentiation circuits

KA31

KA32

KA33

KA34

KA35

KA36

KA37

KA38

. Integrating circuits

. Oscillation circuits

. Digital circuits (e.g., pulse circuits)

. . Analog-digital or digital-analog converters

. . Counters

. . Bistable multivibrators or flip-flops

. . Monostable multivibrators

. . Schmitt circuits or hysteresis circuits

KA41

KA42

KA43

KA44

KA45

KA46

KA47

KA48

KA49

. Filters

. . Low-pass filters (LPF), high-frequency cut-off filters or smoothing circuits

. . . DC-pass filters

. . Band-pass filters (BPF)

. . Band-reject filters (BRF) or band-stop filters (BSF)

. . High-pass filters (HPF) or low-frequency cut-off filters

. Single power source

. Multiple power sources

. Power source switching, or variable power sources

KA51

KA52

KA53

KA54

KA55

KA56

KA57

KA58

KA59

. Rectifying circuits

. . Synchronized rectification

. Modulators

. . Magnetic modulators

. Demodulators or detectors

. Choppers

. AC-DC conversion (i.e., inverters)

. Circuits that have negative resistance characteristics

. Distinctive grounding circuits

KA61

KA62

KA63

KA64

KA65

KA66

KA67

KA68

. Jacks, plugs, or connectors

. Speakers

. Headphones or earphones

. Microphones

. Cooling apparatuses

. Printed circuit boards

. Designating or indicating circuits

. Other microwave elements

MA00
CONNECTION AND CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS

MA01

MA02

MA03

MA04

MA05

MA06

MA07

MA08

MA09

MA10

. Emitter followers

. Source followers

. Collector grounding or drain grounding

. Base grounding or gate grounding

. Voltage followers

. Darlington connections

. . Inverted Darlington connections

. Multistage cascade connections

. Bridge connections

. Multi-input signal structures

MA11

MA12

MA13

MA14

MA15

MA16

MA17

MA18

MA19

MA20

. Feedback structures or mechanisms

. . Positive feedback

. . Negative feedback

. Feedforward configurations

. . Positive feedforward

. . Negative feedforward

. Cascode connections

. Totem-pole connections

. Parallel transistor connections

. Variants that have control loops

MA21

MA22

MA23

MA24

MA25

. Variants that are driven by a single potential

. Variants that are driven by multiple potentials

. . Variants that are driven by positive and negative potentials

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1, ?V2, etc.

H03F1/34;1/36;1/38;1/40

MN00
TYPES OF FEEDBACK

MN01

MN02

MN03

MN04

MN05

MN06

. Current feedback

. Voltage feedback

. Hybrid feedback

. Multiple feedback circuits

. Remote sensing

. Motional feedback

NN00
FEEDBACK CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

NN01

NN02

NN03

NN04

NN05

NN06

NN07

. Sections that extract feedback signals

. . Extraction of multiple voltages or currents

. . Extraction of signals other than amplification signals

. Points where feedback signals are fed back

. Multiple feedback points

. . Feedback to bias circuits

. . Feedback to attenuators, or to voltage-controlled amplifiers or attenuators (VCA) in order to control the same

NN11

NN12

NN13

NN14

NN15

NN16

NN17

. Signal processing in feedback circuits

. . Provision of frequency characteristics

. . . Extraction of DC components

. . . Extraction of AC components

. . Extraction of idling current components

. . Extraction of distortion components or noise components

. . Extraction of envelope signals

H03F1/30-1/40

QA00
STRUCTURE

QA01

QA02

QA03

QA04

QA05

QA06

. Semiconductor structures

. . Cross-section structures or stacked structures

. . Plane structures or layouts

. Component mounting (i.e., mechanical structures)

. Chassis or cases

. Shielding structures

SA00
APPLICATIONS

SA01

SA02

SA03

SA04

SA05

SA06

SA07

SA08

SA09

SA10

. Pre-amplifiers

. Equalizers (i.e., provision of selected uniform frequency characteristics)

. . Equalizers for emphasis or de-emphasis (e.g., Record Industry Association of America)

. Multiple amplifiers

. Audio amplifiers

. . Stereos

. Vehicle-mounted equipment

. Video equipment

. . Video signal (e.g., NTSC, brightness or color) amplifiers

. Amplifiers for magnetic recording and reproducing

SA11

SA12

SA13

SA14

SA15

SA16

. Servo amplifiers

. Boosters

. Communication equipment

. . Transmitters

. Testing or measuring instruments

. Use for switching

TA00
INFORMATION IN FIGURES

TA01

TA02

TA03

TA04

TA05

TA06

TA07

. Block diagrams

. Characteristics diagrams

. . Frequency characteristics

. . Temperature characteristics

. . Smith charts

. Waveform diagrams

. Flowcharts

5J090	Temperature compensation, source voltage compensation, distortion compensation and feedback
	H03F1/30 -1/40