F-Term-List

H03F3/54-3/60

AA00
TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS

AA01

AA02

AA03

AA04

. Lumped-constant amplifiers

. . Low-frequency amplifiers (i.e., audible frequency amplifiers)

. . . DC Amplifiers

. Distributed-constant amplifiers (e.g., microwave or ultrahigh-frequency amplifiers)

AA11

AA12

AA13

AA14

AA15

AA16

AA17

AA18

AA19

AA20

. Directly coupled amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers

. Cascode-connected amplifiers

. Totem-pole amplifiers

. Push-pull amplifiers

. . Double-ended push-pull amplifiers (DEPP) or balanced- type push-pull amplifiers

. . Single ended push-pull amplifiers (SEPP)

. . . Complementary variants (See HA08 and HA17-HA18)

. . . Semi-complementary variants

. . . Shunt regulated push-pull amplifiers (SRPP)

AA21

AA22

AA23

AA24

AA25

AA26

AA27

AA28

AA29

. Parallel-connected amplifiers

. Balanced amplifiers

. . Balanced transformerless amplifiers (BTL)

. Digital amplifiers

. Switched-capacitor amplifiers

. Modulation amplifiers

. . Pulse-width-modulation amplifiers (PWM)

. Tuning amplifiers

. Magnetic amplifiers

AA31

AA32

AA33

AA34

AA35

. Reflecting amplifiers

. Parametric amplifiers

. Injection-locked amplifiers

. Transit-time effect amplifiers

. Distribution amplifiers

AA41

AA42

AA43

AA44

AA45

AA46

AA47

AA48

AA49

AA50

. Power amplifiers

. Current amplifiers

. . Current mirrors

. . . Multi-stage mirrors

. Impedance-conversion amplifiers (e.g., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Operational amplifiers (i.e., op-amps)

. Charge amplifiers (i.e., charge amps)

. Insulated amplifiers

. Logarithmic amplifiers

AA51

AA53

AA54

AA55

AA56

AA57

AA58

AA59

. Amplifiers that have switching systems

. . Input(output)-signal-switching amplifiers

. . Gate amplifiers, or amplifiers which can cut off output signals

. . Two-way amplifiers

. Optical-input amplifiers

. Mixing amplifiers (i.e., excluding frequency conversion)

. Constant-voltage-generating circuits (i.e., including bias-voltage-generating circuits)

. Constant-current-generating circuits (i.e., including bias-current-generating-circuits)

AA61

AA62

AA63

AA64

AA65

AA66

AA67

AA68

. Operating classes

. . Class A amplifiers

. . Class AB amplifiers

. . Class B amplifiers

. . Class C amplifiers

. . Class D amplifiers

. . Class F amplifiers

. . Amplifiers whose operating class is variable

CA00
PURPOSE AND EFFECTS

CA01

CA02

CA03

CA04

CA05

. Compensation

. . Temperature compensation (i.e., reducing the effects of temperature variations)

. . Compensation for variations over extended periods of time or with passage of time

. . Reducing or compensating for the effects of source voltage fluctuation

. . . Reducing the effects of drops in source voltage

CA11

CA12

CA13

CA14

CA15

CA16

CA17

CA18

CA19

CA20

. Measures against or adjustment of fluctuation in output DC voltage

. . Drift countermeasures

. . Offset countermeasures

. Reduction of the effects of variations in components

. . Reduction of the effects of variations in transistors or diodes

. Reduction of the effects of variations in parasitic elements

. . Use of parasitic transistors

. . Use of parasitic capacitance

. . . Reduction of mirror effects

. Reduction of the Early effect

CA21

CA22

CA23

CA24

CA25

CA26

CA27

. Reduction of distortion (i.e., including improving linearity)

. . Reduction of amplitude distortion

. . . Reduction of switching distortion or notching distortion

. . . Reduction of crossover distortion

. . . Prevention of amplitude saturation

. . Reduction of phase distortion (i.e., including phase compensation)

. . Reduction of harmonic distortion (i.e., including spurious removal)

CA31

CA32

CA33

CA34

CA35

CA36

CA37

. Improvement of the positive-negative balance in AC output

. Improvement of the dynamic range

. . Increase of output voltage (current) amplitude

. . . Oscillation close to the source voltage (current)

. Improvement of gain

. Improvement of power efficiency, reduction of power consumption, or saving of power

. Reduction of the supply voltage

CA41

CA42

CA43

CA44

CA45

CA46

CA47

CA48

CA49

CA50

. Reduction of noise

. . Elements as the source

. . . Resistors as the source

. . . Transistors as the source

. . . Diodes as the source

. . Reduction of noise from power sources

. . . Reduction of the effects of power source ripple components

. . Reduction of noise when the power is turned on (e.g., eliminating popping sounds)

. . Reduction of noise when power is turned off (e.g., eliminating popping sounds)

. . Spike countermeasures

CA51

CA52

CA53

CA54

CA55

CA56

CA57

CA58

. . Reduction of noise caused by induction or electromagnetic fields

. . . Crosstalk countermeasures

. . Common-mode signal elimination (i.e., common-mode rejection ratio)

. Prevention of oscillation

. Protection (e.g., load protection)

. . Protection of amplifiers

. . . Protection of amplifying elements

. Other improvements to reliability

CA61

CA62

CA63

CA64

CA65

. Changes to frequency characteristics

. . Increases in band-width

. . . Peaking

. . Flattening

. . Improvement through rate (i.e., rise speed)

CA71

CA72

CA73

CA74

CA75

CA76

CA77

CA78

. Changes to input impedance characteristics

. . Increases in input impedance

. Changes to output impedance characteristics

. . Reduction of output impedance

. Matching

. Mismatching

. Inductive-load driving

. Capacitive-load driving

CA81

CA82

CA83

CA84

CA85

CA86

CA87

CA88

CA89

. Improvement on bias-circuit deformation

. . Making transistor operating points or idling current constant

. . . Detection of the idling current

. Changes to mirror ratios

. High-speed starting

. Heat radiation or cooling

. Reduction of the cost of amplifiers per se

. Improvement of amplification rate precision

. Fail-safes

CA91

CA92

CA93

CA94

CA95

CA96

CA97

CA98

CA99

. Facilitation of change to integrated circuits (IC)

. Simplification of circuits, reduction of size and weight, or elimination of the need for certain components

. . Elimination of the need for capacitors

. . Elimination of the need for coils (i.e., inductance)

. . Elimination of the need for resistors

. . Elimination of the need for transformers

. Testing of amplifiers per se

. Adjustment of amplifiers per se

. Shared use with other circuits

FA00
RESOLVING MEANS AND RESOLVING CONCEPTS

FA01

FA02

FA03

FA04

FA05

FA06

FA07

FA08

FA09

FA10

. Reduction or limitation of voltage

. Changing to constant voltage

. Changing to high voltage

. Reduction or limitation of current

. Changing to constant current

. Changing to greater current

. Use of the same characteristics

. Use of the inverse characteristics

. Use of differential signals

. Bias control

FA11

FA12

FA13

FA14

FA15

FA16

FA17

FA18

FA19

FA20

. Bypass formation

. Changing or limitation of constants

. Use of dummies

. Common or dual use

. Combinations of multiple amplifiers

. Design of mounting or semiconductor structures

. Use of feedback

. Switching

. Phase control

. [A "free word" is to be used}

HA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

HA01

HA02

HA03

HA04

HA05

HA06

HA07

HA08

HA09

HA10

. Semiconductor elements

. . Bipolar transistors

. . . Lateral transistors

. . . Multi-emitter transistors

. . . Multi-collector transistors

. . . Hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBT)

. . . Bipolar transistors characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of npn transistors and pnp transistors

. . Field-effect transistors (FET)

. . . Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) or metal insulator semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFET)

HA11

HA12

HA13

HA14

HA15

HA16

HA17

HA18

HA19

HA20

. . . Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET, e.g., Schottky field-effect transistors)

. . . High-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT)

. . . Dual-gate field-effect transistors

. . . Depletion or normally-on field-effect transistors

. . . Enhancement or normally-off field-effect transistors

. . . Field-effect transistors characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of p types and n types

. . Combinations of bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors

. . Diodes

. . . Zener diodes

HA21

HA22

HA23

HA24

HA25

HA26

HA27

HA28

HA29

HA30

. . . Variable capacitance diodes or varactor diodes

. . . Gunn diodes or impact avalanche transit-time (IMPATT) diodes

. . Thyristors, triode AC switches (TRIAC) or gate turn-offs (GTO)

. . Gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor elements

. Resistors

. . Variable resistors

. . Resistors constituted by transistors or diodes

. . Negative resistance

. Capacitors

. . Variable capacitance capacitors

HA31

HA32

HA33

HA34

HA35

HA36

HA37

HA38

HA39

HA40

. . Capacitance constituted by transistors or diodes

. . Coupling capacitors

. Coils (i.e., for inductance)

. . Variable inductance

. . Transformers

. . . Transformers with three or more windings

. . . Transformers with center taps

. Switches

. . Electronic switching elements

. . Interlocked switches

HA41

HA42

HA43

HA44

HA45

HA46

HA47

HA48

HA49

. . Relays

. Sensors

. . Temperature-sensitive elements, thermocouples, thermistors, or bimetals

. Optical elements (e.g., for light emission or light reception), or photoelectric tubes

. . Optical coupling elements or photocouplers

. Electron tubes

. . Klystrons

. . Traveling-wave tubes (TWT)

. Fuses

KA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

KA01

KA02

KA03

KA04

KA05

KA06

KA07

KA08

KA09

KA10

. Operational amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers

. Impedance transducers (i.e., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Symbolized or one-resistors constant current sources

. Other constant current sources

. Symbolized variable current sources

. Other variable current sources

. Current mirrors

. . Multistage mirror circuits

KA11

KA12

KA13

KA14

KA15

KA16

KA17

KA18

KA19

KA20

. Constant-voltage-generating circuits

. Bias circuits

. Resonance circuits or resonators

. Tuning circuits

. Delay circuits

. Phase shifters

. Voltage-current comparators

. Level-shift circuits

. Hold circuits

. Limiter circuits

KA21

KA22

KA23

KA24

KA25

KA26

KA27

KA28

KA29

KA30

. Clamp circuits

. Clip circuits

. Attenuation circuits or attenuators

. Bootstrap circuits

. Time-constant circuits

. Addition and subtraction circuits

. Current-voltage conversion

. Current sensors

. Matchers

. Differentiation circuits

KA31

KA32

KA33

KA34

KA35

KA36

KA37

KA38

. Integrating circuits

. Oscillation circuits

. Digital circuits (e.g., pulse circuits)

. . Analog-digital or digital-analog converters

. . Counters

. . Bistable multivibrators or flip-flops

. . Monostable multivibrators

. . Schmitt circuits or hysteresis circuits

KA41

KA42

KA43

KA44

KA45

KA46

KA47

KA48

KA49

. Filters

. . Low-pass filters (LPF), high-frequency cut-off filters, or smoothing circuits

. . . DC-pass filters

. . Band-pass filters (BPF)

. . Band-reject filters (BRF) or band-stop filters (BSF)

. . High-pass filters (HPF) or low-frequency cut-off filters

. Single power source

. Multiple power sources

. Power source switching, or variable power sources

KA51

KA52

KA53

KA54

KA55

KA56

KA57

KA58

KA59

. Rectifying circuits

. . Synchronized rectification

. Modulators

. . Magnetic modulators

. Demodulators or detectors

. Choppers

. AC-DC conversion (i.e., inverters)

. Circuits that have negative resistance characteristics

. Distinctive grounding circuits

KA61

KA62

KA63

KA64

KA65

KA66

KA67

KA68

. Jacks, plugs, or connectors

. Speakers

. Headphones or earphones

. Microphones

. Cooling apparatuses

. Printed circuit boards

. Designation or indication

. Other microwave elements

KS00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTED CONSTANT SYSTEMS

KS01

KS02

KS03

KS04

KS05

KS06

KS07

. Distributing and synthesizing circuits

. . Magic T-circuits

. . Wilkinson-type distributing and synthesizing circuits

. . Hybrid-ring circuits

. . Ladder-type distributing and synthesizing circuits

. . Distributed-coupling-type directional couplers

. . Cavity types

KS11

KS12

KS13

KS14

KS15

KS16

KS17

KS18

KS19

. Impedance converters or matching circuits

. . Gradual-variation types

. . . Tapered-variation types

. . . Stepped-variation types

. . Semi-lumped constant types (i.e., semi-lumped elements)

. . . Combinations of adjusting rods, irises, and the like

. . Low-pass-filter types

. Distributed-coupling types

. Balanced-unbalanced converters

KS21

KS22

KS23

KS24

KS25

KS26

KS27

KS28

KS29

. Resonators

. . Cavity resonators

. . Coaxial resonators

. . Dielectric resonators (e.g., transverse electric, transverse magnetic, or EH modes)

. . Microstrip line resonators

. . Static-magnetic-wave resonators

. Frequency filters for ultrahigh frequencies

. . Harmonic filters

. . Equalizers

KS31

KS32

KS33

KS34

KS35

. Mode filters

. . Mode filters equipped with radio wave absorbing bodies

. Wave polarizers

. Circulators

. Isolators

LS00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION PATHS

LS01

LS02

LS03

LS04

LS05

LS06

LS07

. Lines that constitute line converters

. . Hollow waveguides

. . Ridge waveguides

. . Fin lines

. . Dielectric lines

. . Surface wave lines

. . Coaxial lines

LS11

LS12

LS13

LS14

LS15

LS16

. . Strip lines

. . Microstrip lines

. . Coplanar lines

. . Slot lines

. . Delay-wave lines

. . Static-magnetic-wave lines

MA00
CONNECTION AND CONSTITUTION

MA01

MA02

MA03

MA04

MA05

MA06

MA07

MA08

MA09

MA10

. Emitter followers

. Source followers

. Collector grounding or drain grounding

. Base grounding or gate grounding

. Voltage followers

. Darlington connections

. . Inverted Darlington connections

. Multi-stage (i.e., cascade) connections

. Bridge connections

. Multi-signal input systems

MA11

MA12

MA13

MA14

MA15

MA16

MA17

MA18

MA19

MA20

. Feedback systems

. . Positive feedback

. . Negative feedback

. Feed-forward systems

. . Positive feed forward

. . Negative feed forward

. Cascode connections

. Totem-pole connections

. Parallel transistor connections

. Variants that have control loops

MA21

MA22

MA23

MA24

MA25

. Variants that are driven by a single potential

. . Variants that are driven by multiple potentials

. . Variants that are driven by positive and negative potentials

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1.

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1, ?V2, etc.

QA00
STRUCTURE

QA01

QA02

QA03

QA04

QA05

QA06

. Semiconductor structures

. . Cross-section structures or stacked structures

. . Plane structures or layouts

. Component mounting (i.e., mechanical structures)

. Chassis or cases

. Shielding structures

QS00
STRUCTURAL DETAILS

QS01

QS02

QS03

QS04

QS05

QS06

QS07

QS08

QS09

. Circuits on which amplifying elements are mounted

. . Plane circuits

. . . Microwave integrated circuits (MIC)

. . . Monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC)

. . . Stacked structures

. . Microwave-transmission circuits

. . . Ridge-waveguide circuits

. . . Radial-waveguide circuits

. . Three-dimensional plane circuits (e.g., fin lines)

QS11

QS12

QS13

QS14

QS15

QS16

QS17

. Amplifying-element mounting structures

. . Heat sinks

. . . Heat sinks equipped with forced cooling means

. . Moisture-proof structures

. . . Moisture-proof structures equipped with dielectric windows

. . . Hermetic sealing structures

. . Grounding structures (e.g., through holes or via holes)

SA00
APPLICATIONS

SA01

SA02

SA03

SA04

SA05

SA06

SA07

SA08

SA09

SA10

. Pre-amplifiers

. . Equalizers (i.e., desired frequency characteristics)

. . Equalizers for emphasis or de-emphasis (e.g., as for the Record Industry Association of America curve)

. Multi-amplifiers

. Audio amplifiers

. . Stereos

. Vehicle-mounted equipment

. Video equipment

. . Video signal amplifiers (e.g., for NTSC, brightness, or color)

. Amplifiers for magnetic recording and reproducing

SA11

SA12

SA13

SA14

SA15

SA16

. Servo amplifiers

. Boosters

. Communication equipment

. . Transmitters

. Testing or measuring instruments

. Switching

TA00
INFORMATION IN FIGURES

TA01

TA02

TA03

TA04

TA05

TA06

TA07

. Block diagrams

. Characteristics diagrams

. . Frequency characteristics

. . Temperature characteristics

. . Smith charts

. Waveform diagrams

. Flow charts

5J067	Microwave amplifiers
	H03F3/46 -3/48;3/54-3/60;3/66;7/00-7/06