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5H590 CONTROL OF ELETRRIC GENERATORS
H02P9/00 -9/48@Z
H02P9/00-9/48@Z AA AA00
PURPOSE AND EFFECTS 		AA01 AA02 AA03 AA04 AA05 AA06 AA07 AA08 AA09 AA10
. Improved reliability or longevity . Improved efficiency or energy conservation . Miniaturization or weight reduction . Reduced cost . Prevention of electric or magnetic noise . Prevention of noise or vibration . Prevention of torsion vibration . Ease of maintenance, operation, or handling . Ease of testing or examination . Shared use, common use, or dual use of elements
AA11 AA12 AA13 AA15 AA16 AA17 AA19 AA20
. System stabilization . Regulation or improvement of the power-factor . Prevention of irregularity, hunting, or out-of-step operation . Reduction of voltage fluctuations or ripples . Improved waveforms . . Reduced harmonics . Improved voltage drop characteristics . Improved current drop characteristics
AA21 AA22 AA23 AA24 AA26 AA28 AA30
. Improved fast response . Improved precision . Improved transient response . . Prevention of overshooting . Prevention of cross-current . Prevention of the prime mover from stalling . Others (*)
AB AB00
PROTECTION 		AB01 AB02 AB03 AB04 AB05 AB06 AB07 AB08 AB09 AB10
. Overvoltage . Overcurrent . Overloads or damage . Overcharging . Overdischarge . Over-excitation . . Protection during low speeds or idling . . Protection for capacitive loads . Insufficient excitation or low excitation . Field loss
AB11 AB13 AB15 AB17 AB20
. Reverse flow . Leaks or grounding . Excessive speed . Incorrect operation . Others (*)
BB BB00
PHENOMENA, CHARACTERISTIC CURVES, AND PERFORMANCE CONSTANTS 		BB01 BB02 BB04 BB05 BB07 BB09
. Self-excitation phenomena . Resonance phenomena between mechanical systems and electrical systems . Possible output curves or stable limit curves . Set limit curves . V-curves . Load curves or demand curves
BB11 BB13 BB14 BB15 BB17 BB18 BB20
. Steady-state stability or transient stability . Generator constants . . Short-circuit ratios . Voltage fluctuation rate . Speed fixing rate . Speed reduction rate . Others (*)
CA CA00
TYPES AND FORMS OF PRIME MOVERS 		CA01 CA02 CA03 CA04 CA05 CA07 CA08 CA09 CA10
. Steam turbines . . Reheating types . . Bleeder turbines . . Cross-compound turbines . . Turbines for nuclear power generation . Internal-combustion engines . . Gas turbines . . Gas engines . . Dual fail types
CA11 CA12 CA14 CA16 CA18
. Water wheels . . Water wheels for generating pumping power . Windmills . Motors . Manpower
CA21 CA22 CA23 CA24 CA26 CA28 CA29 CA30
. Prime movers for private power generation . Prime movers for vessels . Prime movers for vehicles or automobiles . Transportable or portable variants . Supply of electricity and heat (i.e., co-generation) . Multiple prime movers . . Combination of different prime movers . Others (*)
CB CB00
TYPES AND FORMS OF TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS 		CB01 CB02 CB03 CB04 CB05 CB10
. Gears . . Planetary gears . Clutches or couplings . . Electromagnetic clutches . Brakes . Others (*)
CC CC00
TYPES AND FORMS OF ELECTRIC GENERATORS 		CC01 CC02 CC03 CC04 CC05 CC08 CC09 CC10
. Synchronous generators . . Generators with a permanent magnetic field . . Generators that have inductors . . Generators that have auxiliary magnets for excitation . . Generators that have flywheels . Induction generators . . Squirrel-cage generators . . Wound generators
CC11 CC12 CC13 CC15 CC18 CC19
. Direct current (DC) generators . . Wound-field generators . . Generators with a permanent magnetic field . Superconducting generators . Revolving-field generators . Revolving-armature generators
CC21 CC22 CC23 CC24 CC25 CC26 CC27 CC28 CC29 CC30
. Generators with characteristic output windings . . Single-phase output . . Multi-phase output . . . Three-phase output . . Single-phase three-line output . Generators with characteristic field windings . . Short-circuiting by diodes . . Connected flywheel diodes . Generators with excitation windings . Generators with sensing windings or auxiliary windings
CC31 CC32 CC33 CC34 CC35 CC36 CC37 CC38 CC40
. Generators characterized by winding connections . . Connection switching . . Open delta connections . Generators with multiple similar windings . Generators with bias windings . Generators with intermediate taps . Cumulative windings . Differential windings . Others (*)
CD CD00
TYPES AND FORMS OF POWER CONVERTERS 		CD01 CD03 CD05 CD10
. Rectifiers . Inverters . Alternating current to alternating current (AC to AC) converters . Others (*)
CE CE00
TARGETS TO WHICH POWER IS SUPPLIED 		CE01 CE02 CE03 CE04 CE05 CE06 CE07 CE08 CE09 CE10
. Power systems . Household equipment or emergency equipment . Shipboard equipment . Motors . Storage batteries . Welding machines . Electric furnaces . Illuminating lamps or fishing lights . Dummy loads . Others (*)
DD DD00
TYPES AND FORMS OF EXCITATION DEVICES 		DD01 DD02 DD03 DD04 DD05 DD06
. Synchronous generator excitation systems . . Excitation systems that use brushes . . . Systems that use direct-current (DC) generators as excitation power sources . . . . Use of separately-excited DC exciters . . . . Use of shunt-excited DC exciters . . . . Use of permanent magnet exciters
DD13 DD14 DD15 DD16 DD17
. . . Systems that use alternating-current (AC) generators as excitation power sources . . . . Use of separately-excited alternating-current (AC) exciters . . . . Use of shunt alternating-current (AC) exciters . . . . Use of thyristors . . . . Use of transistors
DD23 DD24 DD25 DD26 DD27 DD28 DD29
. . . Systems that use stationary equipment as excitation power sources . . . . Use of thyristors . . . . Use of transistors . . . . Synthesizing voltage or current as vectors . . . . Use of reactors that can be saturated . . . . Use of transformers or current transformers that can be saturated . . . . Excitation power sources that are independent
DD32 DD33 DD34 DD35 DD36 DD37 DD38 DD39
. . Brushless excitation systems . . . Use of rotary rectifiers . . . Use of rotary thyristors . . . . Rotary thyristors with a magnetic transmission means . . . . Rotary thyristors with an optical transmission means . . . Capacitor-compensation systems . . . . Systems with an excitation current-control means . . . Use of rotary transformers
DD41 DD42 DD43 DD44
. Induction-generator excitation systems . . Use of capacitors . . Secondary excitation systems . . . Use of alternating current to alternating current (AC to AC) converters
DD51 DD52 DD53 DD54 DD55
. Excitation methods for direct current (DC) generators . . Separately-excited magnetic field winding excitation systems . . Shunt field-winding excitation systems . . Serial field-winding excitation systems . . Compound field-winding excitation systems
DD61 DD62 DD64 DD66 DD67 DD68 DD69 DD70
. Systems having secondary exciters . . Generators with permanent magnets . Variants to which automatic voltage regulators (AVR) are connected . Variants to which power source stabilizers (PSS) are connected . Variants to which automatic reactive power regulators (AQR) are connected . Variants to which automatic power-factor regulators (APFR) are connected . Use of an under-excitation limitation (UEL) means . Use of an over-excitation limitation (OEL) means
DD71 DD72 DD74 DD75 DD76 DD77 DD78 DD80
. Use of an initial excitation means . Use of choppers . Multiplexed variants . . Field devices . . . Drive elements . . Automatic voltage regulators (AVR) . . Exciters . Others (*)
EA EA00
FORMS OF OPERATION 		EA01 EA02 EA03 EA04 EA05 EA07 EA08 EA09 EA10
. Activation or starting . . High torque . . Load reduction . . Voltage reduction . Stopping . Switching . . Switching between manual and automatic . . . Bumpless switching . . Switching between motors and generators
EA11 EA12 EA13 EA14 EA15 EA16 EA17 EA18 EA19 EA20
. Governor-free operation . Operation related to water systems . Independent operation . Parallel operation . . Automatic synchronous operation . . Automatic load allocation . Phase-advance or low excitation operation . Pressure regulation . Automatic slowing or throttling . Other forms of operation (*)
EB EB00
FORMS OF CONTROL 		EB01 EB02 EB03 EB04 EB05 EB06 EB07 EB08 EB10
. Fixed output control (*) . . Constant voltage control . . Constant current control . . Constant power control . . . Constant reactive power control . . Constant power-factor control . . Constant frequency control . . Constant torque control . Constant ratio control (*)
EB11 EB12 EB13 EB14 EB15 EB16 EB17 EB18 EB20
. Variable output control (*) . . Variable voltage control . . Variable current control . . Variable power control . . . Variable reactive power control . . Variable power-factor control . . Variable frequency control . . Variable torque control . Variable ratio control (*)
EB21 EB22 EB23 EB24 EB25 EB26 EB28 EB29 EB30
. Feedback control . . Feedback with minor loops . Addition of feed-forward elements . Adaptive control or fuzzy control . Predictive control . . Use of observers . Multivariable control that is illustrated by characteristics equations . Changing gain or other parameters . Other forms of control (*)
FA FA00
ELEMENTS OF OPERATING SECTIONS TO BE OPERATED 		FA01 FA03 FA05 FA06 FA08
. Prime movers . Transmission mechanisms . Generators . . Field devices . Power converters
FB FB00
METHODS BY WHICH OPERATION UNITS ARE OPERATED 		FB01 FB02 FB03 FB05 FB06 FB07 FB10
. On-off control . Pulse width control . . Duty ratio . Control of the firing angle . . Zero-point control . Vector control . Other operating methods
FC FC00
OPERATING MEANS FOR OPERATION UNITS 		FC01 FC03 FC05
. Electric motors . Hydraulic motors or hydraulic actuators . Electromagnetic actuators
FC11 FC12 FC13 FC14 FC15 FC16 FC17 FC18 FC19
. Semiconductor elements . . Transistors . . . Transistors with Darlington connections . . . Field-effect transistors (FET) . . Thyristors . . . Two-way switching elements or triode alternating current switches (TRIAC) . . Diodes . . Thermistors . . . Thermistors with positive characteristics
FC21 FC22 FC23 FC24 FC25 FC26 FC27 FC28 FC30
. Resistors . Capacitors . Reactors . . Reactors that can be saturated . Relays . Switches . Transformers . . Triple-wound transformers . Other operating means
GA GA00
SETTING OF VARIABLES 		GA01 GA02 GA03 GA04 GA05 GA06 GA07 GA08 GA09 GA10
. Electrical variables . . Voltage . . . Field voltage . . Current . . . Field current . . Power . . . Reactive power . . Power-factor . . Frequency . Non-electrical variables
GB GB00
SETTING MEANS 		GB01 GB02 GB04 GB05 GB07 GB10
. Analog means . . Potentiometers . Digital means . . Computers or memories . Setting based on pattern commands . Other setting means (*)
HA HA00
VARIABLES TO BE DETECTED 		HA01 HA02 HA03 HA04 HA05 HA06 HA07 HA08 HA09 HA10
. Electrical variables (*) . . Voltage . . . Field voltage . . Current . . . Field current . . Power . . . Reactive power . . Power-factor . . Frequency . . Phase
HA11 HA12 HA13 HA14 HA15 HA16 HA17 HA18 HA19
. Physical variables other than electrical variables . . Flow rate . . . Quantity of vapor . . . Quantity of water . . Pressure . . . Vapor pressure . . . Water pressure . . Temperature . . Noise or vibration
HA22 HA23 HA24 HA25 HA26 HA27 HA28 HA30
. . Water level . . . Dams . . Degree of opening . . . Valves . . . Guide vanes . . Number of rotations . . Shaft power or shaft torque . Chemical variables (*)
HB HB00
DETECTION MEANS 		HB01 HB02 HB03 HB04 HB05 HB06 HB07 HB08
. Electric detection means . . Power transformers (PT) . . Current transformers (CT) . . Watt-meters . . Power-factor meters . . Potentiometers or voltage dividing resistors . . Tachometer generators . . Synchronism indicators
HB11 HB12 HB14 HB16 HB18 HB19 HB20
. Magnetic detection means . . Magnetic pickups . Optical detection means . Chemical detection means . Use of a transmission means . . Optical fibers . Other detection means (*)
JA JA00
CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF CONTROL UNITS 		JA01 JA02 JA03 JA04 JA05 JA06 JA07 JA08 JA09 JA10
. Variants that include digital elements . . Use of computers . . Use of programmable controllers . Variants that include non-linear elements . . Dead zones . . Hysteresis . . Characteristics of the curve of the elements . Limiters . Delay elements or timer elements . Temperature-compensation elements
JA11 JA12 JA13 JA14 JA15 JA16 JA17 JA18 JA19 JA20
. Variants that include calculation elements . . Proportional elements . . Integrating elements . . Differentiating elements . . Multiplication elements . . Division elements . . Squaring or cubing elements . . Square root elements . Filter elements . Other characteristic elements (*)
JB JB00
CONTROL UNIT CONTROL MEANS 		JB01 JB02 JB03 JB04 JB05 JB06 JB07 JB08 JB09 JB10
. Counters . Memories . . Flip-flops . Digital to analog or analog to digital converting means . Frequency to voltage or voltage to frequency converting means . Comparison means . . Use of operational amplifiers . Means for generation of a reference voltage . . Zener diode . Relays
JB11 JB12 JB13 JB14 JB15 JB16 JB18 JB20
. Pattern-generating or function-generating means . Oscillation means . . Sawtooth waves or triangular waves . . Clocks . Smoothing means . Sample-and-hold means . Governors . Other control means (*)
KK KK00
INDICATION, MONITORING, DIAGNOSIS, AND OTHERS 		KK01 KK02 KK03 KK04 KK05 KK06 KK07 KK08 KK10
. Indication . . Use of light bulbs or light-emitting diodes (LED) . . Liquid-crystal display panels . Monitoring . . Use of cathode-ray tubes (CRT) . Diagnosis or determination of faults . Preventive maintenance . Testing . Others (*)
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