F-Term-List

H04N7/12-7/12@Z;19/00-19/98

KK00
PURPOSE *

KK01

KK02

KK03

KK04

KK06

KK07

KK08

KK09

KK10

. Preventing deterioration of pictures

. . using visual characteristics

. . Block distortion

. . Mosquito noise

. Reducing components

. . standardising circuits

. . reducing memory capacity

. . . reducing table capacity

. . using software

KK11

KK12

KK13

KK14

KK17

KK18

KK19

. Accelerating coding or decoding processing

. . by using hardware

. . Parallel processing

. . . Pipeline processing

. . Accelerating search

. . . Codes

. . . Motion vectors

KK21

KK22

KK23

KK25

KK26

KK27

KK29

KK30

. Stabilisation *

. . of amount of codes

. . of picture qualities e.g. stabilisation of S/N ratios

. . selecting optimum coders

. . with single processing

. . with repeated processing

. . in blocks

. . in screens

KK31

KK32

KK33

KK34

KK35

KK36

KK37

KK38

KK39

KK40

. Adjusting speed

. . in coding or decoding circuits

. . picture input or output and coding or decoding

. . Coding or decoding and transmission

. Preventing overflow or underflow

. Editing

. . Synthesis

. . Expansion or reduction

. . of coding signals

. Decoding only one part

KK43

KK45

KK47

KK49

KK50

. Confidentiality encryption or authentication e.g. electronic watermarks

. Operation tests

. Evaluating picture qualities

. Power saving

. Integrated or one-chip circuits

KK51

KK52

KK53

KK54

KK55

KK56

KK57

KK58

KK59

KK60

. Transcoding or recoding

. . involving conversion of coding systems

. . changing amount of codes

. . changing resolution

. . . Spatial resolution or picture sizes

. . . Temporal resolution or frame rates

. . . Amplitude resolution

. . reusing parameters

. . without complete decoding

. Estimating coding parameters from decoded pictures

KK61

KK62

. Omitting or simplifying operations

. . Integer-accuracy operation or shift operation

LA00
PRE-PROCESSING OR AFTER-PROCESSING *

LA01

LA02

LA04

LA05

LA06

LA07

LA09

LA10

. A/D or D/A conversion

. D/D conversion i.e. changing the number or width of bits

. Scanning excluding that of transform coefficients

. . Interlaced scanning or interlace

. . Scanning system conversion

. . . between interlaced and sequential scanning

. Change of screen orders

. Length fixing e.g. byte packing

LB00
SAMPLING PROCESSING *

LB01

LB02

LB03

LB04

LB05

LB07

. Sampling

. . Shifting sampling positions

. . Variable density sampling

. . Sub-Nyquist sampling

. . Resampling

. Undercranking i.e. frame thinning of screen

LB11

LB12

LB13

LB15

LB16

LB18

. Interpolation or extrapolation

. . of scanning lines

. . of frames or fields

. . using picture elements on the same screens

. . using picture elements on other screens

. . . Motion-compensated interpolation

LC00
BLOCKING *

LC01

LC03

LC04

LC05

LC06

LC08

LC09

LC10

. Three-dimensional blocks

. Positions or shapes of blocks

. . of variable shapes which are non-rectangular

. . overlapping within a single screen

. . shifting in a single screen

. Integrating blocks

. Redividing blocks

. Processing of blocks at screen edges

MA00
CODING SYSTEM *

MA01

MA02

MA03

MA04

MA05

MA07

MA09

MA10

. Predictive or differential coding

. . Intra-field prediction

. . Inter-field prediction

. . Intra-frame prediction

. . Inter-frame prediction

. . Prediction after converting fields into frames

. . Background prediction

. . . outside screens i.e. sprite prediction

MA12

MA13

MA14

MA15

MA16

MA17

MA18

MA19

MA20

. . referring to two or more screens

. . . Dual prime prediction

. . . Bidirectional prediction i.e. prediction using past and future screens

. . . . Prediction from P- and B-pictures

. . Prediction or differentials from pictures of other viewpoints

. . Prediction or differentials from other hierarchies or bands

. . referencing different screens object by object

. . Prediction coefficients or weighting prediction

. . . Leak prediction or leak integration prediction

MA21

MA22

MA23

MA25

MA27

MA28

MA29

. Orthogonal transform coding #MC-

. . Hadamard transform #MC-

. . Discrete cosine transform (DCT) #MC-

. . of variable shapes which are non-rectangular #MC-

. Block coding except orthogonal transform VQ

. . Dynamic ranges e.g. ADRC

. . Representative values and their distribution e.g. DBTC

MA31

MA32

MA33

MA34

MA35

MA37

. Hierarchical coding i.e. scalability

. . Spatial directions i.e. spatial resolution

. . Temporal directions i.e. temporal resolution

. . Amplitude directions i.e. amplitude resolution

. . . Bit planes or level planes

. . Changing resolution object by object

MA41

MA42

MA43

MA45

MA47

. Subband coding wavelets #MC-

. . Temporal directions (MCTF)

. Fractal or recursive transform coding (IFS)

. Reversible or lossless coding

. Transmitting coding errors or quantisation errors

MB00
OBJECT CODING *

MB01

MB02

MB03

MB04

MB05

MB06

MB08

MB09

MB10

. Object extraction

. . dividing regions

. . extracting contours

. . Motion information

. . Polygon

. . recognising pictures

. . using models

. . . Extraction of deformation parameters

. . . Model registration or updating

MB11

MB12

MB14

MB16

MB17

MB18

MB19

. Contents of objects *

. . Persons

. Coding picture element values i.e. texture #MA-

. Coding shape information e.g. contours

. . based on MMR

. . using vertexes of polygons

. . tracing contours e.g. chains

MB21

MB22

MB23

MB24

MB26

MB27

MB29

. Object synthesis

. . Synthesis information

. . . Transmission e.g. alpha planes

. . . coding synthesis information

. Processing of parts other than objects

. . changing picture element values i.e. padding

. involving speech processing

MC00
PROCESSING OF TRANSFORM COEFFICIENT *

MC01

MC02

MC04

MC06

. Scanning

. . Anomalistic zigzag scanning

. Thresholds

. Normalisation

MC11

MC12

MC14

MC15

MC16

MC18

. Quantisation

. . Non-linear quantisation

. . Quantisation matrices or tables

. . . Multiplication of matrices by weighting coefficients

. . . . Weighting matrices

. . Vector quantisation (VQ) #MD04-

MC21

MC22

MC23

MC24

MC26

MC28

MC30

. Selection of coefficients to be coded or termination of coding

. . Predetermined coefficients

. . Predetermined numbers

. . End-of-block (EOB)

. Insertion or replacement of additional information *

. Countermeasures to mismatching

. Dividing into a plurality of groups

MC31

MC32

MC33

MC34

MC35

MC36

MC38

. Coding

. . Direct current components

. . . Prediction including DPCM

. . Alternating current components

. . . Prediction including DPCM

. . . . Prediction of only part of coefficients

. Code assignment #ME-

MD00
QUANTISATION PROCESSING (CLASSIFICATION IS NOT MADE.)

MD01

MD02

MD03

MD04

MD05

MD06

MD07

MD08

MD09

MD10

. Normalisation excluding transform coefficients

. Quantisation excluding transform coefficients

. . Non-linear quantisation excluding transform coefficients

. . Vector quantisation (VQ)

. . . Normalisation VQ

. . . Multi-stage VQ

. . . Code books

. . . . Selection

. . . . Creation

. . . . Update

ME00
CODE ASSIGNMENT *

ME01

ME02

ME03

ME05

ME06

ME08

ME10

. Variable length codes (VLC)

. . Huffman

. . . using flags or groups

. . Run lengths (RL)

. . . only zero i.e. invalid data

. . Two-dimensional VLC e.g. non-zero value+ zero RL

. . bidirectionally codable

ME11

ME13

ME15

ME17

. . Arithmetic coding

. Fixed length coding

. Code-switching codes i.e. escape codes

. having coding tables described

NN00
MOTION PROCESSING *

NN01

NN02

NN03

NN04

NN05

NN08

NN09

NN10

. Detecting motion vectors

. . multi-step or hierarchical

. . Search areas

. . . out of screens

. . Setting of search start points

. . Evaluation

. . . Search termination

. . . A plurality of candidates

NN11

NN12

NN13

NN14

NN15

NN16

NN19

NN20

. . referring to motion vectors of other blocks

. . . Time direct mode

. . . Space direct mode

. . Non-integer picture element accuracy

. . . Half-picture element accuracy

. . . Differential motion vectors (dmv) for fine adjustment

. . Processing for making motion vectors easily compressible

. . . Processing for increasing zero vectors

NN21

NN23

NN24

NN26

NN27

NN28

NN29

NN30

. Processing motion vectors excluding coding

. determining whether moving or not

. . detecting moving regions

. Detection units or determination units

. . by screen i.e. global

. . on block basis including variable sizes

. . on picture element basis

. . by overlapping

NN31

NN32

NN34

NN36

NN37

NN38

NN39

NN40

. at representative points

. . at lattice points i.e. grids or warping

. at significant parts only

. Extracting the amount of characteristics *

. . Frequency components e.g. transform coefficients

. . Contours or edges

. . Binarisation

. . Luminance gradient

NN41

NN43

NN45

NN47

NN49

NN50

. Obtaining information from cameras or sensors

. Scene changes

. Pan or tilt

. Zooming

. Rotation

. Camera shakes

PP00
PROCESSED PICTURE *

PP01

PP02

PP03

PP04

PP05

PP06

PP07

PP08

PP10

. Still pictures

. . Two-tone pictures

. Multi-viewpoint pictures

. Moving pictures

. . I-pictures i.e. pictures coded alone

. . P-pictures i.e. pictures created by one-way predictive coding

. . B-pictures i.e. pictures created by two-way predictive coding

. . D-pictures i.e. pictures consisting only of direct current components

. . Partially moving pictures

PP11

PP12

PP13

PP14

PP15

PP16

PP17

PP18

PP19

PP20

. Film pictures

. CG pictures

. Three-dimensional or stereoscopic pictures

. Colour pictures

. . RGB

. . YIQ

. . Colour codes

. Hybrid pictures including a plurality of pictures of different types

. . Natural pictures or CG pictures

. . Two-tone pictures including characters and multivalue pictures

PP21

PP22

PP23

PP24

PP25

PP26

PP27

PP28

PP29

PP30

. Processed parts *

. . Contour parts

. . Flat parts

. . Character parts e.g. subtitles

. . Block boundary parts

. . Moving parts

. . Stationary parts

. . Object parts

. . Background parts

. . Screen edges

RA00
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM *

RA01

RA02

RA04

RA06

RA08

RA09

. Line transmission systems

. . Optical transmission

. Radio transmission

. A plurality of transmission paths or channels

. Two-way

. . Request signals

RB00
MULTIPLEXING *

RB01

RB02

RB03

RB04

RB05

RB06

RB08

RB09

RB10

. Time-division multiplexing

. . Packets or cells in ATM

. . . Discard countermeasures

. . . . Priorities

. Frequency multiplication

. Code division multiplexing

. characterised by positions for multiplexing *

. . Headers

. Multiplexing of a plurality of picture series for creating TS

RB11

RB12

RB13

RB14

RB15

RB16

RB17

RB18

RB19

RB20

. Units or periods of multiplexing *

. . Blocks

. . . by each of a plurality of blocks

. . Field by field or frame by frame

. . . by each of a plurality of fields or frames

. . Packet by packet or cell by cell

. . by each hierarchy or frequency band

. . Object by object

. . by each prescribed amount of codes

. . at transmission start

RC00
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, OR INFORMATION TO BE MULTIPLEXED *

RC01

RC02

RC03

RC04

RC05

RC07

RC08

RC09

. Transmission controlling information *

. . Synchronisation information

. . Clock information

. . Time information or timestamps

. . Destinations

. . Dummies fills or stuffs

. . . for speed adjustment

. . . for adjusting the amount of data to prescribed values

RC11

RC12

RC14

RC16

RC17

RC19

. Coding control information *

. . Adaptive control information

. . Contents of tables matrices or charts

. . Motion vectors

. . Motion determination results

. . Synthetic information e.g. transmission

RC22

RC24

RC26

RC28

RC30

. . Numbers of each data unit e.g. block numbers

. . Information representing delimiters of data units

. . Information on orders of coding

. . Amount of data or amount of codes

. . of bit-mapped formats

RC31

RC32

RC33

RC34

RC35

RC37

RC38

RC39

RC40

. Coding or decoding programmes

. Sound information

. Still pictures

. Character information

. Information on secrecy or authentication e.g. watermarks

. Compression of additional information

. . Differentials or prediction

. . Thinning

. . Variable length coding

RD00
MODULATION *

RD01

RD03

RD05

RD07

RD09

. Analogue modulation

. Digital modulation

. Amplitude modulation

. Phase modulation

. Frequency modulation

RE00
TRANSMISSION CONTROL *

RE01

RE02

RE03

RE04

RE06

RE07

RE09

. Synchronisation

. . with other signals

. . . of sound signals

. Clock control

. characterised by orders for transmission *

. . Progressive or stepwise transmission

. Relay or exchange

RE11

RE12

RE13

RE15

RE16

RE18

RE19

RE20

. transmitting a part only

. . rectangular

. . non-rectangular

. . specified on sending sides

. . specified on receiving sides

. . manually

. . automatically

. . transmitting only parts matching to transmission paths or receiving side performance

RF00
COUNTERMEASURES TO CODE ERRORS *

RF01

RF02

RF04

RF05

RF06

RF07

RF09

. Detecting errors *

. . Error detection codes

. Correcting errors

. . Error correction codes

. . . double

. . Error processing beyond correction capability

. Error correction

RF11

RF12

RF13

RF14

RF15

RF17

RF18

RF19

RF20

. Preventing error propagation

. . Refreshes

. . . Partial refreshes

. . . using I-pictures

. . . demanded from receiving sides

. Positions of inserting error countermeasure codes *

. . based on coding units

. . based on transmission units

. . based on amount of codes

RF21

RF23

RF24

RF25

RF27

RF28

RF30

. Shuffling

. Retransmitting

. . Changing parameters

. Repetitive duplex transmission

. Arrangements of important information in bit streams

. Recovering synchronisation

. Countermeasures to errors of additional information

SS00
APPLICATION *

SS01

SS02

SS03

SS04

SS05

SS06

SS07

SS08

SS09

SS10

. Broadcast

. . for digital TV broadcast

. . for high definition TV

. . . MUSE

. . for both high definition and standard TV

. Communication

. . for TV conference or TV telephones

. . Internet

. . Video on demand (VOD)

. . Terminals for mobile phones

SS11

SS12

SS13

SS14

SS15

SS16

SS17

SS18

SS19

SS20

. for record

. . for picture databases

. . for DVDs

. . for digital video cameras

. . . for still pictures or still cameras

. . of special reproduction

. . . of high-speed reproduction

. . . of reverse reproduction

. . of search or retrieval

. . of recording medium claims

SS21

SS22

SS23

SS24

SS26

SS28

SS30

. for high definition

. . for in or between stations

. . for medical purposes

. . for pictures photographed by satellites

. for computers

. for printing including page description languages (PDL)

. for sound

TA00
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OBJECT *

TA01

TA02

TA03

TA05

TA06

TA07

TA08

TA09

. Pretreatment or after-treatment

. . Scanning

. . Change of screen orders

. Processing sampling

. . Sampling intervals or density or space resolution

. . Undercranking number of frames or time resolution

. . Interpolation

. . . Picture elements used for interpolation

TA11

TA12

TA13

TA14

TA16

TA17

TA18

TA19

. Blocking

. . Shapes or sizes of blocks

. . Switching between fields and frame blocks

. . Switching between two-dimensional blocks and three-dimensional blocks

. Coding systems

. . Selecting coding systems

. . . Switching between intra-frame or non-predictive coding and inter-frame or predictive coding

. . . Selecting profiles or levels

TA21

TA22

TA23

TA24

TA25

TA26

TA27

TA28

TA29

TA30

. . Predictive or differential coding

. . . with or without prediction

. . . Switching between intra-frame prediction and inter-frame prediction

. . . assigning or selecting IPB

. . . Prediction coefficients or weighting coefficients

. . . Switching in inter-frame prediction

. . . . between inter-field prediction and inter-frame prediction

. . . . Switching to/from background prediction

. . . . Directions of prediction

. . . . Positions or numbers of picture elements used for prediction

TA31

TA32

TA33

TA35

TA36

TA37

TA39

TA40

. . . Switching in intra-frame prediction

. . . . Directions of prediction

. . . . Positions or numbers of picture elements used for prediction

. . Orthogonal transformation coding

. . . Switching between field units and frame units

. . . Selecting optimal transform or bases

. . Numbers of gradation numbers of levels or amplitude resolution

. . Numbers of hierarchy or bands

TA41

TA42

TA43

TA44

TA45

TA46

TA47

TA48

TA49

TA50

. Processing transform coefficients

. . Scanning

. . Thresholds

. . Normalisation

. . Quantisation

. . . Quantisation widths

. . . . Quantisation matrices or tables

. . . . . Weighting coefficients or matrices

. . Selection of coefficients to be coded or discontinuation

. . Coding

TA51

TA52

TA53

TA54

TA55

TA57

TA58

TA59

TA60

. Normalisation excluding transform coefficients

. Quantisation excluding transform coefficients

. . Quantisation widths excluding transform coefficients

. . Quantised representative values

. . Vector quantisation (VQ)

. Assigning codes

. . switching coding tables

. . creating contexts

. Allocating bits or amount of codes

TA61

TA62

TA63

TA64

TA65

TA66

TA67

TA68

TA69

TA70

. Processing motions

. . detecting motion vectors

. . . Search areas

. . . Search starting points

. . . Evaluation

. . . Search picture element accuracy

. . determining whether moving or not

. Processing filters

. . switching characteristics or selecting filters

. . Picture elements used for filters

TA71

TA72

TA73

TA74

TA75

TA76

TA78

TA79

TA80

. Controlling transmission

. . selecting transmission paths

. . Transmission parts

. . Order of transmission

. . . Priorities

. . Countermeasures to code errors

. Omitting processes

. . limiting coding modes

. Switching control objects

TB00
ADAPTIVE CONTROL UNIT *

TB01

TB02

TB03

TB04

TB05

TB06

TB07

TB08

TB09

TB10

. Sequences or a plurality of frames or fields

. . Scenes

. Group of pictures (GOP)

. Frames or pictures

. . Fields

. Slices or a plurality of blocks

. Macro blocks

. Blocks

. Lines

. Picture elements

TB11

TB12

TB13

TB14

TB15

TB17

TB18

TB20

. Bits

. NAL units or access units

. Transform coefficients

. . Groups of transform coefficients

. Frequency bands or bands

. Hierarchies or layers

. Objects

. Switching control units

TC00
INFORMATION USED FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL *

TC01

TC02

TC03

TC04

TC05

TC06

TC08

TC10

. Images *

. . Picture element values #TC05 TC06

. . Prediction error values #TC05 TC06

. . Transform coefficient values #TC05 TC06

. . Normalised values #TC02-TC04

. . Quantised values #TC02-TC04

. . Coding errors or quantisation errors

. . Complexities or activities #TC02-TC06

TC11

TC12

TC13

TC14

TC18

TC19

TC20

. Motion information *

. . Motion vectors

. . Motion determination results

. . Scene changes

. Amount of codes

. . Estimated or presumed

. . obtained from amount of storage in memories

TC21

TC22

TC24

TC25

TC26

TC27

TC28

TC30

. Conditions of transmission paths e.g. congestion

. Presence or absence of errors

. Types of processed pictures including picture block types

. Sizes or processed pictures

. Shapes or sizes of processed blocks

. Coding systems

. Quantisation widths quantisation matrices or quantisation parameters

. Frame rates

TC31

TC32

TC33

TC34

TC35

TC36

TC37

TC38

TC39

. Positions *

. . Central parts or edge parts of screens

. . Block boundaries

. . Attention drawing parts or non-attention drawing parts

. Temporal distances or spatial distances

. Setting values *

. . Transmission rates

. . Compression rates or objective amount of codes

. . Memory capacity

TC41

TC42

TC43

TC44

TC45

TC47

TC48

TC50

. Past history

. Information on adjacent parts

. Information on specific positions or parts

. Information from units larger than control units

. Information sent from receiving sides *

. Information input by operators *

. . Lines of sight

. Switching information used for control

TC51

TC52

TC53

. Usable resources e.g. hardware resources amount of calculation remaining battery capacity or time

. . Remaining memory capacity or amount of storage

. . . Estimation of amount on receiver side e.g. virtual buffer

TD00
METHOD FOR DERIVING ADAPTIVE CONTROL VALUE *

TD01

TD02

TD03

TD04

TD05

TD06

TD07

TD08

TD09

TD10

. by extracting characteristic values

. . Maximum or minimum values

. . Mean values

. . Dispersion or standard deviation

. . Amount of changes or variations or difference values or differentials

. . Sums integrated values or square sums of electric power

. . Counting of numbers or measurement of number of times

. . Presence or absence of edges or contour lines

. . Spatial distribution e.g. directions of edges

. . Distribution of occurrence frequency or histograms

TD11

TD12

TD13

TD14

TD15

TD16

TD17

TD18

TD19

TD20

. Comparison

. . processing thresholds

. Classification i.e. grouping or sorting

. conducting presumption estimation or prediction

. Using tables

. Using functions

. Optimising by repetitive processing

. Deriving only for specific parts

. Deriving with intervals

. Switching deriving methods

UA00
COMPONENT *

UA01

UA02

UA03

UA04

UA05

UA06

UA08

UA09

UA10

. Constructions on sending sides *

. . Coding circuits

. . Display of transmitted pictures

. Constructions on receiving sides *

. . Decoding circuits

. . . Stepwise reproduction

. Clock pulse generating circuits

. . for coding or decoding

. . for transmission

UA11

UA12

UA13

UA14

UA15

UA16

UA17

UA18

UA20

. Filters

. . LPF

. . BPF

. . HPF

. . for obtaining subbands e.g. QMF or CQF

. . In-loop filters

. . Temporal i.e. time direction filters

. . characterised by in-screen positions where filters are applied

. Emphasis or deemphasis

UA21

UA22

UA23

UA24

UA25

UA26

UA28

UA29

UA30

. Limiters i.e. setting upper or lower limits

. Geometrical transform e.g. affine transform circuits

. Time axis conversion circuits

. Serial or parallel conversion circuits

. Specific construction of (inverse) orthogonal transform operation circuits

. Specific constructions of scanning circuits

. Picture transfer means

. . Buses

. . DMA

UA31

UA32

UA33

UA34

UA35

UA36

UA37

UA38

UA39

UA40

. Memories

. . for adjusting speed

. . for prediction

. . for adjusting or delaying timing

. . using a plurality of memories by switching

. . characterised by reading or writing address control

. . characterised by data arrangements in memories

. . characterised by data stored in memories

. Programmes

. . Automatic constructions of programmes

5C159	COMPRESSION OR CODING SYSTEMS OF TV SIGNALS
	H04N7/12 -7/12@Z;19/00-19/98