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(Not Translated)
| 3J044 | Pistons, piston rings, and cylinders | |
| F16J1/00 -1/24;7/00-10/04 | ||
| F16J1/00-1/24;7/00-10/04 | AA | AA00 PURPOSES |
AA01 | AA02 | AA03 | AA04 | AA05 | AA06 | AA08 | AA09 | AA10 | |
| . Improvement of mechanical strength | . . Abrasion resistance and scuffing prevention | . Twisting prevention and application of twisting | . Improvement of conformability and initial conformability | . Vibration or noise prevention | . Weight reduction | . Thermal countermeasures or thermal adaptation | . . Cooling | . . Adaptation to thermal deformation | ||||
| AA12 | AA14 | AA16 | AA18 | AA20 | ||||||||
| . Lubrication | . Sealing | . Operation control or detection | . Easy assembling or manufacturing | . Others | ||||||||
| BA | BA00 BASE MATERIALS |
BA01 | BA02 | BA03 | BA04 | BA05 | BA06 | BA07 | BA08 | BA09 | BA10 | |
| . Metals | . . Cast iron | . . Steel or iron alloys (BA02 takes precedence) | . . Aluminium or aluminium alloys | . Ceramics | . Plastics or rubber | . Fibre reinforcement | . Porous materials | . . Sintered materials | . Others | |||
| BB | BB00 SURFACE COATINGS OR SURFACE TREATMENTS |
BB05 | BB06 | BB07 | BB08 | |||||||
| . Surface treatments | . . Nitriding | . . High-temperature heating or fusion treatments by beam-irradiation or the like | . . Application or impregnation of lubricants | |||||||||
| BB11 | BB12 | BB14 | BB15 | BB16 | BB18 | BB19 | BB20 | |||||
| . . Anodic oxidation treatments such as alumite processing | . . Chemical treatments such as treatment with phosphate or chromate | . Surface coatings | . . Plating | . . . Alloy plating | . . Vapour deposition | . . . Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) | . . . Physical vapour deposition (PVD) | |||||
| BB21 | BB23 | BB24 | BB26 | BB27 | BB28 | BB29 | BB30 | |||||
| . . Thermal spraying | . . Particle or textile dispersion (BB21 takes precedence ) | . . Porous materials (BB21takes precedence) | . Surface coating materials | . . Including metal elements | . . . Chromium | . . . Nickel | . . . Titanium | |||||
| BB31 | BB33 | BB34 | BB35 | BB36 | BB37 | BB39 | BB40 | |||||
| . . . Molybdenum | . . Ceramics | . . . Oxide | . . . Carbide | . . . Nitride | . . Plastics | . Adjustment of surface roughness | . Others | |||||
| BC | BC00 BASE MATERIALS AND SURFACE AREA TO BE COATED OR TREATED |
BC01 | BC02 | BC03 | BC04 | BC06 | BC07 | BC08 | BC09 | |||
| . Pistons | . . Piston heads | . . Piston-ring grooves | . . Lands and skirts | . Piston-rings | . . Slide-contacting periphery | . . Slide-contacting inner surface with ring grooves | . . Abutments | |||||
| BC11 | BC12 | BC13 | BC14 | BC15 | BC17 | BC19 | BC20 | |||||
| . Cylinders | . . Cylinder liners | . . . Inner surface of the cylinder liner | . . . External surface of the cylinder liner | . . Cylinder blocks | . Drive components | . Gudgeon pins | . Others | |||||
| CA | CA00 SHAPES OR STRUCTURES OF PISTONS (DA06 TAKES PRECEDENCE) |
CA01 | CA02 | CA03 | CA04 | CA06 | CA07 | CA08 | CA09 | CA10 | ||
| . characterised by piston heads | . . having piston cups | . . having recesses in a combustion chamber. | . . having communicating holes excluding rod holes | . characterised by piston-ring grooves | . . with ring carriers | . . having tapered surfaces | . . having recesses and protrusions or grooved parts in inner surfaces of ring grooves | . . . engaged with piston-rings or annular bodies | ||||
| CA11 | CA13 | CA14 | CA15 | CA16 | CA18 | CA19 | CA20 | |||||
| . . having communicating holes | . characterised by lands and skirts | . . having recesses protrusions notches or slits | . . periphery having tapered or arched shapes | . . having communicating holes excluding gudgeon pin holes | . comprising a plurality of elements (CA07 takes precedence) | . . connecting elements mutually by screws | . . by welding depositing or adhering | |||||
| CA21 | CA23 | CA24 | CA25 | CA26 | CA27 | CA28 | CA29 | CA30 | ||||
| . . by casting | . coupling drive components | . . having coupling components | . . . by gudgeon pins. | . . . . Gudgeon pins with fixing components | . . . . characterised by gudgeon pin boss parts | . . . by snap rings | . . by screws | . . nondetachable connection such as caulking | ||||
| CA31 | CA32 | CA33 | CA35 | CA36 | CA38 | CA40 | ||||||
| . . having spherical bearing surfaces | . . having oil grooves or oil holes in bearing surfaces | . . having oil grooves or oil holes in drive components | . Reinforcement structures | . . having reinforcement ribs | . having valves | . Others | ||||||
| CB | CB00 SHAPES AND STRUCTURES OF PISTON-RINGS (DA06 TAKES PRECEDENCE) |
CB01 | CB02 | CB03 | CB04 | CB05 | CB06 | CB08 | CB09 | |||
| . characterised by in cross sectional shapes | . . characterised by slide-contacting periphery | . . . Arced surfaces | . . . Tapered surfaces or tapered-face-shapes | . . . having lip-shaped parts | . . . having grooves or fine recesses or protrusions (CB16 takes precedence) | . . characterised by inner surfaces | . . . having grooves (CB16 takes precedence) | |||||
| CB11 | CB12 | CB13 | CB15 | CB16 | CB18 | CB20 | ||||||
| . . characterised by upper and lower surfaces | . . . having grooves | . . . Keystone-shaped tapered surfaces | . . Cut parts such as inner cuts and under cuts | . . Oil-ring grooves | . comprising a plurality of parts divided in a circumferential direction | . Combination of multiple piston-rings | ||||||
| CB21 | CB22 | CB24 | CB25 | CB26 | CB28 | CB29 | CB30 | |||||
| . . arranging a plurality of rings in a single groove | . . Prevention of rotation of respective rings | . having abutments | . . with steps | . . having sealing components | . with annular bodies cooperating with piston-rings | . . Annular bodies being expander rings | . . . Coil expander rings | |||||
| CB31 | CB32 | CB34 | CB36 | CB37 | CB38 | CB39 | CB40 | |||||
| . . . Spacer expander rings | . . An annular body being a sealing component with an inner surface of the ring groove | . with expanders other than annular bodies | . having communicating holes or windows | . . in the radial direction | . . in the axial direction | . . having valves | . Others | |||||
| CC | CC00 SHAPES AND STRUCTURES OF CYLINDERS (DA06 TAKES PRECEDENCE) |
CC01 | CC02 | CC03 | CC05 | CC07 | CC09 | CC10 | ||||
| . characterised by inner surfaces | . . Multiple stage cylinders having different inner diameters in an axial direction | . . having recesses or protrusions on the inner surfaces | . Multi-layer cylinders consisting of layers of various materials | . arranging multiple cylinders in the radial direction | . characterised by cooling | . . cooling by wet type coolants such as fluid. | ||||||
| CC12 | CC14 | CC16 | CC17 | CC18 | ||||||||
| . characterised by thermal insulation | . characterised by sealing structures | . characterised by supports or attachments (CC16 takes precedence over CC21.) | . . Attachment of liners to cylinder blocks | . . Attachment of heads or covers | ||||||||
| CC21 | CC23 | CC30 | ||||||||||
| . characterised by piping or nozzles | . an axial line not being linear | . Others | ||||||||||
| DA | DA00 APPLICATION OR FUNCTION |
DA01 | DA02 | DA03 | DA04 | DA06 | DA07 | DA09 | DA10 | |||
| . characterised by control for piston operation | . . Locking devices | . . Control or regulation of the stroke | . . Means for preventing rotation | . Piston-cylinder systems having non-circular cross-sections | . Piston-cylinder systems having non-lubrication functions | . for internal-combustion engines | . for fluid-pressure devices such as hydraulic equipment | |||||
| DA12 | DA13 | DA14 | DA16 | DA17 | DA18 | DA20 | ||||||
| . Brake pistons | . Free pistons | . Plungers | . Compression rings | . Oil rings | . Rider rings | . Others | ||||||
| EA | EA00 ASSEMBLING OR MANUFACTURING METHODS |
EA01 | EA02 | EA03 | EA04 | EA05 | EA10 | |||||
| . Casting | . Grinding or polishing | . Plastic processing | . Quenching or annealing | . Assembling or adjustment | . Others |