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2G035 | Measurement of current or voltage | |
G01R19/00 -19/32 |
G01R19/00-19/32 | AA | AA00 PURPOSE OF CURRENT OR VOLTAGE MEASURING DEVICES |
AA01 | AA02 | AA03 | AA04 | AA05 | AA06 | AA07 | AA08 | AA09 | AA10 |
. Reduction of errors in measurement | . . Compensation for variation in characteristic values of semiconductor elements (e.g., threshold voltage) | . . Temperature compensation | . Signal correction | . . Zero-point correction or base-line compensation | . . Drift removal | . Signal separation | . . Noise elimination | . . Detection of direct-current components of signals | . . Detection of alternating current components of signals | |||
AA11 | AA12 | AA13 | AA14 | AA15 | AA16 | AA17 | AA18 | AA19 | AA20 | |||
. . Detection of specific signal components | . Insulation | . High-speed or wide-band measurement | . . Overshooting or undershooting | . Circuit protection | . . Prevention of over-scaling, limiters, or voltage or current limitation | . Large dynamic ranges | . Improvement of input and output impedance | . Multipoint input | . Reduced power consumption | |||
AA21 | AA22 | AA23 | AA24 | AA25 | AA26 | AA27 | AA28 | |||||
. Indication or recording of measured results | . . Digital displays | . . Indication using lights or switching off of lights | . . . Indication by multiple light-emitting elements | . . Flashing indication | . Removal of the influence of variations in the power supply | . Removal of static or electromagnetic induction | . Modification or conversion of characteristics, linearization, or functional conversion | |||||
AB | AB00 MEASUREMENT OF INPUT SIGNALS |
AB01 | AB02 | AB03 | AB04 | AB05 | AB06 | AB07 | AB08 | AB09 | AB10 | |
. Direct-current signals | . . Direct-current power supplies | . . . Batteries | . Alternating-current signals or periodic signals | . . Sinusoidal waves | . . Sawtooth or triangular waves | . . Alternating-current power supplies | . . . Commercial power supplies | . Noise signals | . Digital or binary signals | |||
AB11 | AB12 | AB13 | ||||||||||
. Single-shot pulse or impulse signals | . Voice signals | . Random signals | ||||||||||
AC | AC00 MEASUREMENT OF OUTPUT SIGNALS |
AC01 | AC02 | AC03 | AC04 | AC05 | AC06 | AC07 | AC08 | AC09 | AC10 | |
. Direct-current or instantaneous voltage | . Direct-current or instantaneous current | . Actual operational values | . Mean or square mean values | . Peak values | . Peak location detection | . Valid or invalid signal components | . Sums or differences | . Ratios | . . Vector ratios, vector voltage, or vector current | |||
AC11 | AC12 | AC13 | AC14 | AC15 | AC16 | AC17 | AC18 | AC19 | AC20 | |||
. Rate of change | . Direction or polarity | . Presence of current or voltage | . Comparison of two input signals | . Detection of whether signals are above the required level or below the required level | . . Comparison to reference signals | . . . Detection of two kinds of levels | . . . . Indication that signals are within a required range or are out-of-range | . . . Detection of multiple levels | . Selection from multiple signals | |||
AC21 | AC22 | AC23 | AC24 | AC25 | ||||||||
. . Selection of a maximum-value signal | . . Selection of a minimum-value signal | . Generated frequencies | . Required amount of time to pass a given value or zero-point | . Current density | ||||||||
AD | AD00 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OR CIRCUITS |
AD01 | AD02 | AD03 | AD04 | AD05 | AD06 | AD07 | AD08 | AD09 | AD10 | |
. Semiconductor elements | . . Transistors | . . Field effect transistors (FET) | . . Rectifiers or diodes (for light-emitting diodes, AD39) | . . . Constant voltage | . . . Protection | . . . Temperature compensation | . . . Zener diodes | . . Programmable unijunction transistors (PUT), thyristors, or lambda elements | . Resistance elements | |||
AD11 | AD12 | AD13 | AD14 | AD15 | AD16 | AD17 | AD18 | AD19 | AD20 | |||
. . Partial pressure elements | . . Variable resistance elements (e.g., potentiometers) | . Capacitors | . . Capacitors for smoothing, filtering, and by-passing | . . Capacitors for cutting of direct current (i.e., coupling capacitors) | . . Capacitors for differentiation or integration | . . Holding capacitors | . Coils | . Current transformers or transformers in general | . Operational amplifiers | |||
AD21 | AD22 | AD23 | AD24 | AD25 | AD26 | AD27 | AD28 | AD29 | AD30 | |||
. Analog computing elements and non-linear transducers | . . Computation of arithmetic operations, exponents, logarithms, and square roots | . Comparators | . Logic elements | . . Latch or flip-flop elements | . . Memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM) or random access memory (RAM)) | . . AND, OR, EXOR, or NOT logic elements | . . Microprocessors and digital computing elements | . . Counters | . . Serial-parallel or parallel-serial converters and shift registers | |||
AD31 | AD32 | AD33 | AD34 | AD35 | AD36 | AD37 | AD38 | AD39 | AD40 | |||
. Differentiators | . Integrators | . Optical elements | . . Light modulation elements | . . . Magneto-optical elements | . . . Electro-optical elements | . . Polarizers, analyzers, and optical fibers | . . Light-emitting elements and display elements | . . . Light-emitting diodes (LED) | . . . . Multiple light-emitting diodes (LED) | |||
AD41 | AD42 | AD43 | AD44 | AD45 | AD46 | AD47 | AD48 | AD49 | AD50 | |||
. . . Liquid crystals (i.e., electroluminescence) | . . . Alphanumeric character indicators | . . Light-receiving elements | . Switches | . . Switches for control, range switching, or signal switching | . . Switches for sample holding or discharging | . . Electronic switches | . Sample-holding circuits | . Timer circuits | . Multi-vibrator circuits | |||
AD51 | AD52 | AD53 | AD54 | AD55 | AD56 | AD57 | AD58 | AD59 | AD60 | |||
. Oscillation circuits, synchronization oscillation, or crystalline elements | . Timing generators | . Frequency-conversion circuits | . Voltage-to-current or current-to-voltage conversion circuits | . Filter circuits | . Constant voltage or constant-current circuits, and reference-voltage generator circuits | . Direct-to-alternating current-conversion circuits | . Alternating-to-direct current-conversion circuits, rectifier circuits, and absolute-value circuits | . . Detector circuits | . . . Phase-detection circuits or synchronizing rectifier circuits | |||
AD61 | AD62 | AD63 | AD64 | AD65 | AD66 | AD67 | ||||||
. Delay circuits | . Phase circuits | . Schmidt trigger circuits or hysteresis circuits | . Alarm circuits, buzzers, or speakers | . Analog-to-digital conversion circuits | . Magnetic circuit | . Vacuum-tube circuits |