F-Term-List

H03F3/45-3/45@Z

AA00
TYPES OF AMPLIFIERS

AA01

AA02

AA03

AA04

. Lumped-constant amplifiers

. . Low-frequency amplifiers (i.e., audible frequency amplifiers

. . . Direct current (DC) amplifiers

. Distributed constant amplifiers (e.g., microwave or ultrahigh-frequency amplifiers)

AA11

AA12

AA13

AA14

AA15

AA16

AA17

AA18

AA19

AA20

. Directly coupled amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers

. Cascode-connected amplifiers

. Totem-pole amplifiers

. Push-pull amplifiers

. . Double-ended push-pull (DEPP) or balanced push-pull

. . Single-ended push-pull (SEPP)

. . . Complementary types

. . . Semi-complementary types

. . . Shunt regulated push-pull (SRPP)

AA21

AA22

AA23

AA24

AA25

AA26

AA27

AA28

AA29

. Parallel-connected amplifiers

. Balanced amplifiers

. . Balanced transformerless amplifiers (BLT)

. Digital amplifiers

. Switched capacitor amplifiers

. Modulation amplifiers

. . Pulse width modulation amplifiers (PWM)

. Tuning amplifiers

. Magnetic amplifiers

AA31

AA32

AA33

AA34

AA35

. Reflecting amplifiers

. Parametric amplifiers

. Injection-locked amplifiers

. Transit-time effect amplifiers

. Distribution amplifiers

AA41

AA42

AA43

AA44

AA45

AA46

AA47

AA48

AA49

AA50

. Power amplifiers

. Current amplifiers

. . Current mirror circuits

. . . Multi-stage mirror circuits

. Impedance-conversion amplifiers (e.g., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Operational amplifiers (i.e., op-amps)

. Charge amplifiers (i.e., charge amps)

. Insulated amplifiers

. Logarithmic amplifiers

AA51

AA53

AA54

AA55

AA56

AA57

AA58

AA59

. Amplifiers that have switching systems

. . Input (output) signal switching amplifiers

. . Gate amplifiers, or amplifiers which can cut off output signals

. . Two-way amplifiers

. Optical input amplifiers

. Mixing amplifiers (excluding frequency conversion)

. Constant-voltage-generating circuits (i.e., including bias voltage-generating circuits)

. Constant-current-generating circuits (i.e., including bias-current-generating circuits)

AA61

AA62

AA63

AA64

AA65

AA66

AA67

AA68

. Operating classes

. . Class A amplifiers

. . Class AB amplifiers

. . Class B amplifiers

. . Class C amplifiers

. . Class D amplifiers

. . Class F amplifiers

. . Amplifiers whose operating class is variable

CA00
PURPOSE AND EFFECTS

CA01

CA02

CA03

CA04

CA05

. Compensation

. . Temperature compensation (i.e., reducing the effects of temperature variations)

. . Compensation for variations over extended periods of time or with passage of time

. . Reduction of or compensation for the effects of source voltage fluctuation

. . . Reduction of the effects of drops in source voltage

CA11

CA12

CA13

CA14

CA15

CA16

CA17

CA18

CA19

CA20

. Measures against or adjustment of fluctuation in output direct current (DC) voltage

. . Drift countermeasures

. . Offset countermeasures

. Reduction of the effects of variations in elements

. . Reduction of the effects of variations in transistors or diodes

. Reduction of the effects of variations in parasitic elements

. . Reduction by parasitic transistors

. . Reduction by parasitic capacitance

. . . Reduction of mirror effects

. Reduction of the Early effect

CA21

CA22

CA23

CA24

CA25

CA26

CA27

. Reduction of distortion (including improving linearity)

. . Reduction of amplitude distortion

. . . Reduction of switching distortion or notching distortion

. . . Reduction of crossover distortion

. . . Prevention of amplitude saturation

. . Reduction of phase distortion (including phase compensation)

. . Reduction of harmonic distortion (including spurious removal)

CA31

CA32

CA33

CA34

CA35

CA36

CA37

. Improvement of the positive-negative balance in alternating current (AC) output

. Improvement of the dynamic range

. . Increase in the output voltage (current) amplitude

. . . Oscillation close to the source voltage (current)

. Improvement of gain

. Improvement of power efficiency, reduction of power consumption, or saving of power

. Reduction of the supply voltage

CA41

CA42

CA43

CA44

CA45

CA46

CA47

CA48

CA49

CA50

. Noise reduction

. . Elements as sources

. . . Resistors as sources

. . . Transistors as sources

. . . Diodes as sources

. . Reduction of noise from power sources

. . . Reduction of the effects of power source ripple components

. . Reduction of noise when the power is turned on (e.g., elimination of popping sounds)

. . Reduction of noise when the power is turned off (e.g., elimination of popping sounds)

. . Spike countermeasures

CA51

CA52

CA53

CA54

CA55

CA56

CA57

CA58

. . Reduction of noise caused by induction or electromagnetic fields

. . . Crosstalk countermeasures

. . Common-mode signal elimination (i.e., common-mode rejection ratio)

. Prevention of oscillation

. Protection (e.g., load protection)

. . Protection of amplifiers

. . . Protection of amplifying elements

. Other improvements to reliability

CA61

CA62

CA63

CA64

CA65

. Changes to frequency characteristics

. . Increases in band-width

. . . Peaking

. . Flattening

. . Improvement through rate (i.e., rise speed)

CA71

CA72

CA73

CA74

CA75

CA76

CA77

CA78

. Changes to input impedance characteristics

. . Increases in input impedance

. Changes to output impedance characteristics

. . Reduction of Output impedance

. Matching

. Mismatching

. Inductive-load driving

. Capacitive-load driving

CA81

CA82

CA83

CA84

CA85

CA86

CA87

CA88

CA89

. Improvement of bias circuit deformation

. . Making transistor operating points or idling current constant

. . . Detection of idling current

. Changes to mirror ratios

. High-speed starting

. Heat radiation or cooling

. Reduction of the cost of amplifiers per se

. Improvement of amplification rate precision

. Fail-safes

CA91

CA92

CA93

CA94

CA95

CA96

CA97

CA98

CA99

. Facilitation of change to integrated circuits (IC)

. Simplification of circuits, reduction of size and weight, or elimination of the need for certain components

. . Elimination of the need for capacitors

. . Elimination of the need for coils (i.e., for inductance)

. . Elimination of the need for resistors

. . Elimination of the need for transformers

. Testing of amplifiers per se

. Adjustment of amplifiers per se

. Shared use with other circuits

FA00
RESOLVING MEANS AND RESOLVING CONCEPTS

FA01

FA02

FA03

FA04

FA05

FA06

FA07

FA08

FA09

FA10

. Reduction or limitation of voltage

. Changing to constant voltage

. Changing to high voltage

. Reduction or limitation of current

. Changing to constant current

. Changing to greater current

. Use of the same characteristics

. Use of the inverse characteristics

. Use of differential signals

. Bias control

FA11

FA12

FA13

FA14

FA15

FA16

FA17

FA18

FA19

FA20

. Bypass formation

. Changes to or limitation of constants

. Use of dummies

. Shared or dual use

. Combinations of multiple amplifiers

. Design of mounting or semiconductor structures

. Use of feedback

. Switching

. Phase control

. [A "free word" is used]

HA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

HA01

HA02

HA03

HA04

HA05

HA06

HA07

HA08

HA09

HA10

. Semiconductor elements

. . Bipolar transistors

. . . Lateral transistors

. . . Multi-emitter transistors

. . . Multi-collector transistors

. . . Hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBT)

. . . Bipolar transistors characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of npn transistors and pnp transistors

. . Field-effect transistors (FET)

. . . Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) or metal insulator semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFET)

HA11

HA12

HA13

HA14

HA15

HA16

HA17

HA18

HA19

HA20

. . . Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET, e.g., Schottky field-effect transistors)

. . . High electron mobility transistors (HEMT)

. . . Dual-gate field-effect transistors

. . . Depletion or normally-on field-effect transistors

. . . Enhancement or normally-off field-effect transistors

. . . Field-effect transistors characterized by structure or threshold

. . . Combinations of p types and n types

. . Combinations of bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors

. . Diodes

. . . Zener diodes

HA21

HA22

HA23

HA24

HA25

HA26

HA27

HA28

HA29

HA30

. . . Variable capacitance diodes or varactor diodes

. . . Gunn diodes or impact avalanche transit-time diodes (IMPATT)

. . Thyristors, triode AC switches (TRIAC) or gate turn-offs (GTO)

. . Gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor elements

. Resistors

. . Variable resistors

. . Resistors constituted by transistors or diodes

. . Negative resistance

. Capacitors

. . Variable capacitance capacitors

HA31

HA32

HA33

HA34

HA35

HA36

HA37

HA38

HA39

HA40

. . Capacitance constituted by transistors or diodes

. . Coupling capacitors

. Coils (i.e., for inductance)

. . Variable inductance

. . Transformers

. . . Transformers with three or more windings

. . . Transformers with center taps

. Switches

. . Electronic switching elements

. . Interlocked switches

HA41

HA42

HA43

HA44

HA45

HA46

HA47

HA48

HA49

. . Relays

. Sensors

. . Temperature-sensitive elements, thermocouples, thermistors or bimetals

. Optical elements (e.g., for light emission or light reception), or photoelectric tubes

. . Optical coupling elements or photocouplers

. Electron tubes

. . Klystrons

. . Traveling-wave tubes (TWT)

. Fuses

KA00
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

KA01

KA02

KA03

KA04

KA05

KA06

KA07

KA08

KA09

KA10

. Operational amplifiers

. Differential amplifiers

. Impedance transducers (i.e., cushions or buffers)

. Inverting amplifiers (i.e., inverters)

. Symbolized or one-resistor constant-current sources

. Other constant current sources

. Symbolized variable-current sources

. Other variable-current sources

. Current mirrors

. . Multi-stage mirror circuits

KA11

KA12

KA13

KA14

KA15

KA16

KA17

KA18

KA19

KA20

. Constant-voltage-generating circuits

. Bias circuits

. Resonance circuits or resonators

. Tuning circuits

. Delay circuits

. Phase shifters

. Voltage-current comparators

. Level-shift circuits

. Hold circuits

. Limiter circuits

KA21

KA22

KA23

KA24

KA25

KA26

KA27

KA28

KA29

KA30

. Clamp circuits

. Clip circuits

. Attenuation circuits or attenuators

. Bootstrap circuits

. Time-constant circuits

. Addition and subtraction circuits

. Current-voltage conversion

. Current sensors

. Matchers

. Differentiation circuits

KA31

KA32

KA33

KA34

KA35

KA36

KA37

KA38

. Integrating circuits

. Oscillation circuits

. Digital circuits (e.g., pulse circuits)

. . Analog-digital or digital-analog converters

. . Counters

. . Bistable multivibrators or flip-flops

. . Monostable multivibrators

. . Schmitt circuits or hysteresis circuits

KA41

KA42

KA43

KA44

KA45

KA46

KA47

KA48

KA49

. Filters

. . Low-pass filters (LPF), high-frequency cut-off filters, or smoothing circuits

. . . DC-pass filters

. . Band-pass filters (BPF)

. . Band-reject filters (BRF) or band-stop filters (BSF)

. . High-pass filters (HPF) or low-frequency cut-off filters

. Single power source

. Multiple power sources

. Power source switching, or variable power sources

KA51

KA52

KA53

KA54

KA55

KA56

KA57

KA58

KA59

. Rectifying circuits

. . Synchronized rectification

. Modulators

. . Magnetic modulators

. Demodulators or detectors

. Choppers

. AC-DC conversion (i.e., inverters)

. Circuits with negative resistance characteristics

. Distinctive grounding circuits

KA61

KA62

KA63

KA64

KA65

KA66

KA67

KA68

. Jacks, plugs, or connectors

. Speakers

. Headphones or earphones

. Microphones

. Cooling apparatuses

. Printed circuit boards

. Designation or indication

. Other microwave elements

MA00
CONNECTION AND CONSTITUTION

MA01

MA02

MA03

MA04

MA05

MA06

MA07

MA08

MA09

MA10

. Emitter followers

. Source followers

. Collector grounding or drain grounding

. Base grounding or gate grounding

. Voltage followers

. Darlington connections

. . Inverted Darlington connections

. Multi-stage connections (i.e., cascade connections)

. Bridge connections

. Multi-signal input systems

MA11

MA12

MA13

MA14

MA15

MA16

MA17

MA18

MA19

MA20

. Feedback systems

. . Positive feedback

. . Negative feedback

. Feed forward systems

. . Positive feed forward

. . Negative feed forward

. Cascode connections

. Totem pole connections

. Parallel transistor connections

. Variants with control loops

MA21

MA22

MA23

MA24

MA25

. Variants driven by a single potential

. Variants driven by multiple potentials

. . Variants driven by positive and negative potentials

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1.

. . . Variants that are driven only by ?V1, ?V2, etc.

MD00
INPUT STAGE CONFIGURATIONS

MD01

MD02

MD03

MD04

MD05

. Configurations that reduce input current

. . Darlington configurations

. . Variants provided with field-effect transistors

. Variants provided with current-bias circuits

. . Variants with current-compensation means

ND00
AMPLIFYING SECTION CONFIGURATIONS

ND01

ND02

ND03

ND04

ND05

ND06

ND07

ND08

ND09

. Differential pairs

. . Complementary types

. . Double-balanced types

. . Parallel types

. . Cascade-connection types

. . Configurations of amplifying elements per se

. . . Emitter area as a specified feature

. . . Channel dimensions as a specified feature

. . Use of inverters

ND11

ND12

ND13

ND14

ND15

ND16

. Load circuit configurations

. . Use of active elements (i.e., active loads)

. . . Active loads with negative resistance

. . . Active loads with common base (i.e., gate) connections

. . . Bases (i.e., gates) with constant current sources

. . Loads inserted between collectors (i.e., drains)

ND21

ND22

ND23

ND24

ND25

ND26

ND27

ND28

. Emitter (i.e., source) circuit configurations

. . Direct emitter (i.e., source) coupling configurations

. . Constant-current sources

. . . Constant-current sources with a current mirror configuration

. . . Use of emitter (i.e., source) feedback resistors

. . . . Emitter (i.e., source) feedback resistors that are negative resistors

. . Use of bypass capacitors between emitters (i.e., sources)

. . Use of variable emitter (i.e., source) current circuits

PD00
OUTPUT STAGE SYSTEMS

PD01

PD02

PD03

PD04

. Unbalanced output systems

. Balanced output systems

. Use of current-sink circuits

. Current-current converter systems

QA00
STRUCTURE

QA01

QA02

QA03

QA04

QA05

QA06

. Semiconductor structures

. . Cross-sectional structures or stacked structures

. . Plane structures or layouts

. Component mounting (i.e., mechanical structures)

. Chassis or cases

. Shielding structures

SA00
APPLICATIONS

SA01

SA02

SA03

SA04

SA05

SA06

SA07

SA08

SA09

SA10

. Pre-amplifiers

. Equalizers (i.e., desired frequency characteristics)

. . Equalizers for emphasis or de-emphasis (e.g., as for the Recording Industry Association of America curve)

. Multi-amplifiers

. Audio amplifiers

. . Stereos

. Vehicle-mounted equipment

. Video equipment

. . Video signal amplifiers (e.g., NTSC, brightness or color)

. Amplifiers for magnetic recording and reproducing

SA11

SA12

SA13

SA14

SA15

SA16

. Servo amplifiers

. Boosters

. Communications equipment

. . Transmitters

. Testing or measuring instruments

. Switching

TA00
INFORMATION IN FIGURES

TA01

TA02

TA03

TA04

TA05

TA06

TA07

. Block diagrams

. Characteristics diagrams

. . Frequency characteristics

. . Temperature characteristics

. . Smith charts

. Waveform diagrams

. Flow charts

5J066	Differential amplifiers
	H03F3/45 -3/45@Z