F-Term-List

B21J1/00-13/14@Z;17/00-19/04;B21K1/00-31/00

AA00
PURPOSE AND EFFECTS

AA01

AA02

AA03

AA04

AA05

AA06

AA07

AA08

AA09

AA10

. Improvement of tempering, segregation, and casting defects

. . Improvement of metal flow

. Prevention of forging defects

. . Prevention of underfilling

. . Prevention of scratches and cracks

. . Prevention of burrs

. . Prevention of buckling and wrinkling

. Improvement of accuracy of dimensions

. Prolonging of the usable life of the die

. Improvement of productivity and elimination of unnecessary processes

BA00
MATERIALS

BA01

BA02

BA03

BA04

BA05

BA06

BA07

. Composition*

. . Steel materials*

. . Non-steel materials*

. . . Aluminum (Al)

. . . Titanium (Ti)

. . . Zinc (Zn)

. . . Copper (Cu)

BA11

BA12

BA13

BA14

BA15

BA17

BA18

BA19

BA20

. Shapes of materials*

. . Ingots

. . Slabs

. . Billets (including bars)

. . . Circular sections (i.e., including slag)

. . Linear materials and rod-shaped materials

. . Tubular materials

. . Plate-like materials

. . Profile materials

BA21

BA22

BA23

BA24

BA25

BA26

. State of materials*

. . Molten

. . Powders and sintered materials

. . Molding materials

. . Materials with super moldability

. . Composite materials (i.e., materials composed of different types of materials)

CA00
VARIETIES OF FORGING PROCESSES

CA01

CA02

CA03

CA07

CA08

CA09

. Free forging

. . Cogging

. . Flattening

. Holt-melt forging

. Powder-forging

. Processes involving direct application of fluid pressure or explosive pressure

CA11

CA12

CA13

CA14

CA15

CA17

CA19

. Mold-forging

. . Semi-sealed die-forging

. . Sealed die-forging

. . Sealed forging (i.e.., with punches)

. . Die-insertion forging

. Coining, grooving, and pressed knurling

. Threading

CA21

CA22

CA23

CA24

CA25

CA26

CA27

CA28

CA29

. Extrusion-forging

. . Front-end extrusion

. . . Front-end extrusion with mandrels

. . Rear-end extrusion

. . Front-end and rear-end (i.e., combined) extrusion

. . Facing extrusion

. . Side extrusion

. Piercing

. . Hollow-billet pore expansion

CA31

CA32

CA33

CA34

CA35

CA36

. Upsetting

. . Free upsetting

. . Closed and semi-closed upsetting

. . . Injection upsetting

. . One-point confined upsetting

. . Bent upsetting

CA41

CA42

CA44

CA46

CA47

. Rotary forging

. . Swinging or rotating die-forging

. Ring-forging

. Swaging processes

. . Rotary swaging

CA51

CA52

CA53

. Connection of articles by means of forging

. . Deformation of articles by means of forging

. . Deformation by means of forging to form intermediate members for linking

CB00
FORGING CONDITIONS

CB01

CB02

CB03

CB04

CB06

CB07

CB08

CB09

CB10

. Hot-rolling

. Warm-or constant-temperature-rolling

. Cold-rolling

. Rolling involving a specific numeric range

. Lubrication

. . Means of lubrication of forging materials

. . . Coating

. . . Immersion

. . Lubricants

CB11

CB12

CB13

CB14

CB15

CB16

CB17

. Processing conditions*

. . Reduction of sectioning rate and drafting rate

. . Pressurized motion (i.e., slide curving lines)

. . Shielding (i.e., coated forging)

. . Atmospheric conditions

. . . Inert gas or vacuum atmospheres

. . . Liquid atmospheres

CC00
AREA THAT IS PROCESSED DURING THE UPSETTING PROCESSES

CC01

CC02

CC03

CC04

CC05

CC06

. Ends, heads, and bottoms

. . Both ends

. Expansion of a section of an intermediate area

. . Expansion of multiple places in an axial direction

. Increasing of the thickness of tubular and cylindrical bodies

. . Conversion of tube ends

DA00
FORGING PROCESSES

DA01

DA02

DA03

DA04

DA05

. Processes related to forging lines

. Rough-surface formation and rough forging

. . Slab depression

. Combination of rough-surface formation and finishing forging

. Combination of multiple forging means

DB00
COMBINATION OF FORGING WITH OTHER PROCESSING TREATMENTS

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DB05

DB06

DB07

DB08

. Mechanical processes*

. . Burr removal and trimming

. . Cutting processes

. . Cutting and grinding processes

. . Blanking processes

. . Ironing processes

. . Bending processes

. . Form-rolling processes

DB11

DB12

DB13

DB14

DB15

DB16

DB17

DB18

DB19

. Non-mechanical processes*

. . Casting

. . Sintering

. . Heat-related operation

. . . Heating

. . . Cooling

. . . Heating and cooling

. . Surface treatments

. . . Descaling

DB21

DB22

DB23

DB24

. Timing of treatments*

. . Treatments before forging

. . Treatments during forging or between forging processes

. . Treatments after forging

EA00
DEVICES

EA01

EA02

EA03

EA06

EA07

EA08

EA09

EA10

. Forging hammers

. . Drop-hammers (e.g., free-falling dies)

. . Power hammers (e.g., dies with the upper half pressurized)

. . Multiple hammers

. . . Counter-blows

. . . Hammers in cross-shaped arrangements

. . . Rotary swaging machines

. . . . Multiple pressurized surfaces positioned in axial directions

EA11

EA12

EA13

EA14

EA15

EA16

EA18

EA19

EA20

. Forging presses

. . Hydraulic presses

. . . Push-down dies

. . . Pull-down dies

. . Crank presses

. . . Wedge dies

. . Toggle or knuckle presses

. . Pierced presses

. . Swaging presses

EA22

EA23

. . Screw presses

. . . Friction dies

EA31

EA32

EA33

EA34

EA35

EA37

EA38

EA39

. Lateral-die forging machines

. . Upsetters

. . . Vertical dies

. . . Horizontal dies

. . Electrical upsetters (electrical heating)

. Parts formers

. . Parts formers with a characteristic number of headers and dies

. . Rotary-die headers

EA41

EA42

EA43

EA45

EA47

EA49

. Rotary forging machines

. . Forging machines with a rocking and rotary movement (rocking-die press)

. Oscillating forges with dies that use reciprocating movement

. Ring-forging machines

. Reverse recovery machines (RR) and thrust reverses (TR) (i.e., upset-bending forging machines)

. Wheel mills

EB00
MACHINE FRAMES AND DRIVING OF MACHINES

EB01

EB02

EB03

EB04

EB05

EB06

EB07

EB08

EB09

EB10

. Machine frames

. Drive sources

. . Hydraulic pressure (e.g., water or oil pressure)

. . . Accumulator drives

. . . Direct drives

. . . Drive sources with pressure-intensification mechanisms

. . Electrically powered motors

. . Hydraulic motors

. . Gas pressure (e.g., steam or air pressure)

. . Drive sources with double-action mechanisms

EC00
FORMS AND STRUCTURES OF DIE, DIES, AND PUNCHES

EC01

EC02

EC03

EC04

. Shaping by upper mold and lower mold dies

. . Sealed dies

. . Dies for one-heat forging

. . Dies with a characteristic parting-line position

EC11

EC12

EC13

EC14

EC15

EC17

EC18

EC19

. Shaping by punches and dies

. . Fully-enclosed dies

. . . Arrangements wherein the direction of die movement and the direction of punch pressurization are axially aligned

. . . . Facing dies

. . . Arrangements wherein the direction of die movement and the direction of punch pressurization are not axially aligned

. . Extrusion dies

. . . Structures of dies and knock outs

. . . Extrusion dies with outer punches and inner punches

EC22

EC23

EC24

EC27

EC28

. . Upset dies

. . . Floating-lead dies

. . . Pressurized facing dies

. . Piercing tools and punching tools

. . . Shapes of plugs for piercing and expansion pores

EC32

EC33

EC34

EC37

EC38

EC39

. . Dies for nuts and bolts

. . . Dies for bolts

. . . Dies for nuts

. . Punches and mandrels

. . . Shapes

. . . Structures

EC41

EC42

EC43

EC44

EC46

EC47

EC48

EC50

. Divided dies

. . Closed dies divided on the bottom, and top-bottom or left-right divided dies

. . Circular-segmented dies

. . Dies that include an anvil

. Structures with characteristic impressions

. . Multiple impressions

. . Formation of gutters

. Die set

EC51

EC52

EC54

EC55

EC57

. Cam dies

. . Expansion dies

. Structures with elastic bodies

. . Floating dies

. Provision of backing pressure

ED00
DIE-MANUFACTURING MATERIALS, TREATMENTS, AND HANDLING

ED01

ED03

ED04

ED05

ED06

ED07

ED09

ED10

. DIE MANUFACTURING

. Materials and surface treatments for dies

. . Materials

. . . Non-metals (e.g., ceramics)

. . Coating materials

. . . Metal plating, thermal spraying, and welding

. Lubrication

. Cleaning

ED11

ED12

ED13

ED14

ED15

ED16

. Thermal operation relating to dies

. . Heating

. . . Heating from the interior of the die

. . . Preheating

. . Cooling

. . . Cooling from the interior of the die

ED21

ED22

ED23

ED24

ED25

ED26

ED28

ED29

ED30

. Fixing and holding of dies to punches

. . Fixing and holding of dies to other dies

. . . Fixing and holding by cotter and cleat mechanisms

. . . Fixing and holding by clamping mechanisms

. . . Fixing and holding by interference fitting

. . Fixing and holding of punches and mandrels

. Exchange of dies and other related equipment

. . Exchange of dies

. . Exchange of punches and exchange of mandrels

ED31

ED33

. Opening and closing mechanisms for dies

. Adjustment of dies (i.e., centering)

EE00
KNOCK OUTS

EE01

EE02

EE03

EE05

EE06

EE07

EE10

. Knock outs in a horizontal direction

. Knock outs in an upward direction

. Knock outs in a downward direction

. Cam mechanisms

. Hydraulic mechanisms

. Pneumatic pressure mechanisms

. Interconnection with pressurized forging mechanisms

EF00
ANVIL-AND SMITH-FORGING EQUIPMENT

EF01

EF02

EF03

EF06

. Anvils and beating surfaces

. . V-shaped anvils and tap anvils

. . Rotating anvils

. Smith-forging equipment (i.e., tongs)

FA00
FEEDING, DISCHARGE, ALIGNMENT, AND ARRANGEMENT

FA01

FA02

FA03

FA04

FA05

FA07

FA08

FA09

. Transfer feeding

. . Transfer-feeding bars

. . Chucks (i.e., fingers)

. . . Cross-dies

. . Upper-lower support mechanisms

. . Parallel transfer

. . Pendulum transfer

. . Change of orientation of forged materials

FA11

FA12

FA13

FA14

FA15

FA16

FA17

. Manipulators

. . Non-transferred types

. . Transferred types

. . . Vehicle types

. . . Manipulators that are transferred on rails

. . . . Dual manipulators

. . Manipulators with a characteristic movement of the gripper unit

FA21

FA23

FA25

FA27

FA29

. Rolls

. Conveyors

. Chutes

. Pushers

. Alignment and arrangements

FB00
FEEDING, DISCHARGE, ALIGNMENT, AND ARRANGEMENT

FB01

FB02

FB05

FB06

FB07

FB08

. Cutting of linear materials for part-formers

. . Characteristic transfer after cutting

. Forging furnaces

. . Electric heating furnaces

. . Gas combustion furnaces

. . Furnaces with characteristic transfer mechanisms

GA00
DETECTION, CONTROL, AND ADJUSTMENT

GA01

GA02

GA03

GA04

GA05

GA06

GA07

GA08

GA09

. Objects of detection, control, or adjustment*

. . Pressurization force

. . Position

. . . Ram strokes

. . . Knock-out pins

. . . Forging materials

. . Speed

. . . Depression

. . Temperature

GA11

GA12

GA13

GA14

GA15

GA16

GA17

GA20

. . Measurements

. . . Thickness

. . . Diameter

. . . Length

. . Orientation of torsioned forging materials

. . Breaking of punch

. . Defects

. Elements related to detection and indication

GB00
SAFETY MEASURES AND MEASURES TO PREVENT ABNORMALITIES

GB01

GB02

GB03

GB04

GB06

GB08

GB09

. Measures related to devices

. . Breaking of punches

. . Prevention of overbeating and striking the blank

. . Prevention of overloading

. Measures related to human operators

. Measures related to control of vibration

. Measures related to soundproofing

HA00
SPECIFIC PRODUCTS*

HA01

HA02

HA03

HA04

HA05

HA06

HA08

HA09

. Gears

. . Flat gears and ring gears

. . Bevel gears

. . Helical gears

. . Gears with flanges

. . Racks

. . Internally-mounted gears

. . Reverse-taper gears

HA11

HA12

HA13

HA14

HA15

HA16

HA17

HA18

. Rotating bodies in general

. . Wheels

. . . Wheels for automobiles

. . . Wheels for bicycles

. . Disks

. . Rims

. . Pulleys

. . Rollers

HA21

HA22

HA23

HA24

HA25

HA26

HA27

HA28

HA29

. Joints

. . Universal joints

. . . Outer wheels

. . . . Outer wheels with inner-surface indentations

. . . Inner wheels

. . . Yokes

. . Sockets and eye-joint

. . Knuckles

. . Pipe connections and hose connections

HA31

HA32

HA33

HA34

HA35

HA36

HA37

HA38

. Axles and shafts

. . Crankshafts

. . Camshafts

. . Connecting rods

. . Cylinders and circular cylinders

. . . Cylinders wherein the sectional diameter varies according to the stage

. . Cylinders with specially shaped sections

. . Cylinders with gear surfaces (i.e., steering rods)

HA41

HA42

HA43

HA45

HA47

. Bearings

. . Bearing cases

. . . Inner and outer wheels

. Propellers and blades

. Nozzles

HA51

HA52

HA53

HA54

HA55

HA56

HA57

HA58

HA59

HA60

. Tightening members

. . Bolts and nuts

. . . Bolts

. . . . Specially-shaped bolts

. . . . . U-bolts

. . . Nuts

. . . . Specially-shaped nuts

. . Rivets

. . Washers

. . Hooks, anchors and turnbuckles

HA61

HA62

HA63

HA64

HA65

HA66

HA67

HA68

HA69

HA70

. Engine members

. . Pistons

. . . Piston rings

. . Cylinders

. . . Cylinder heads

. . Firing plugs

. Valve parts

. . Rotary valves

. . Valves for internal combustion engines

. . . valve discs and valve seats

HA71

HA72

HA73

HA74

HA76

HA77

HA78

HA80

. Tools

. . Drills

. . Hammers

. . Cutting tools

. Household goods

. . Cutlery

. . Tableware

. Locks and keys

HA81

HA82

HA83

HA84

HA86

HA88

HA90

. Vehicle components

. . Vehicle components for automobiles

. . Vehicle components for bicycles and two-wheeled vehicles

. . Endless tracks and links

. Railway accessories and engine parts

. Sporting goods

. Parts for farming tools (e.g., plows and hoes)

HA91

HA93

. Electronic parts and electrical parts

. Pins or needle-like members

HB00
PRODUCTS THAT ARE CONNECTED BY SHAPING OR FORGING

HB01

HB02

HB03

HB04

HB05

HB06

HB07

HB08

HB09

. Hollow articles

. . Cylindrical articles

. . . Cylindrical articles with flanges

. . . Cylindrical articles with fins

. . Cup-shaped articles (i.e., cylinders with bottoms)

. . Containers

. . . Panels

. . Ring-shaped articles

. . . Large-aperture rings (i.e., shells)

HB11

HB13

HB15

HB17

. Spherical articles

. Flanges and collars

. Articles that are connected by forging

. Forging materials (e.g., slag and other preformed bodies)

4E087	FORGING
	B21J1/00 -13/14@Z;17/00-19/04;B21K1/00-31/00