| ReturnTo Theme-Group-Choice | Onelevelup |
| 2H200 | Electrostatic charge, transfer and separation in electrography | |
| G03G13/02 ;13/14-13/16;15/02-15/02,103;15/14-15/16,103 | ||
| G03G13/02;13/14-13/16;15/02-15/02,103;15/14-15/16,103 | FA | FA00 PURPOSE |
FA01 | FA02 | FA03 | FA04 | FA05 | FA06 | FA07 | FA08 | FA09 | FA10 |
| . Measures for environmental changes | . Measures against aging variation | . Measures against charged memory | . Measures against transfer deviations | . Prevention of retransfer | . Poor separation prevention | . Measures against hazardous materials (ozone or the like) (excluding removing) | . Measures for preventing dirt from depositing (excluding cleaning) | . Prevention of damages and wear | . Measures against noise, vibration | |||
| FA11 | FA12 | FA13 | FA14 | FA15 | FA16 | FA17 | FA18 | FA19 | FA20 | |||
| . Safety measures | . Maintenance, facilitating setting | . Facilitating manufacturing | . Facilitating recycling, reuses | . Energy-saving measures | . Optimization (e.g. power, temperature) | . . Optimization of arrangements | . . Optimization of electrical values (voltage, resistance, or the like) | . . Optimization of sizes (length, thickness, or the like) | . . Optimization of speed, acceleration | |||
| GA | GA00 CONSTITUTION OF WHOLE APPARATUS TO BE THE ASSUMPTIONS |
GA01 | GA02 | GA03 | GA04 | GA05 | GA06 | GA07 | GA09 | GA10 | ||
| . Disclosed art relating to transfer materials (excluding intermediate transferring bodies) | . . Referring to length of transfer materials | . . Referring to width of transfer materials | . . Referring to thickness of transfer materials | . . Referring to moving speed of transfer materials | . . Transfer materials being films | . . Specific material names of transfer materials being disclosed (*) | . . Characteristics of transfer materials being disclosed MB, MC | . . Detection, control of transfer materials being disclosed PA, PB | ||||
| GA11 | GA12 | GA13 | GA14 | GA15 | GA16 | GA17 | GA18 | GA20 | ||||
| . Disclosure relating to photoreceptors (including electrostatic recording bodies) | . . Apparatus including two or more photoreceptors | . . Disclosed charging polarity of photoreceptors (positive polarity) | . . . Negative polarity | . . Disclosed materials of photoreceptors | . . . Organic materials | . . . Inorganic materials | . . . . A-si | . . Electrostatic image carriers having no photosensitivity | ||||
| GA22 | GA23 | GA24 | GA25 | GA28 | GA29 | GA30 | ||||||
| . . Disclosed shape of photoreceptors (*) | . . . Drum-like | . . . Belt-like | . . . Developing on belt surfaces wound around photoreceptors | . . Voltage and current circuits of photoreceptors being disclosed NA | . . Control of photoreceptors being disclosed PA | . . Detection of photoreceptors being disclosed PB | ||||||
| GA31 | GA32 | GA33 | GA34 | GA35 | GA36 | GA40 | ||||||
| . Disclosed art relating to image exposure | . . Exposure by reflected light, transmission light from manuscripts | . . Exposure by direct incidence light from light-emitting means | . . . Exposure by laser light | . . Disclosed wavelength, exposure intensity | . . Disclosed resolution of exposure | . . Detection of exposure being disclosed PB | ||||||
| GA41 | GA42 | GA43 | GA44 | GA45 | GA46 | GA47 | GA49 | GA50 | ||||
| . Disclosed art relating to development | . . Disclosed developers | . . . Using liquid type developers | . . . Using dry type developers | . . . . Using carrier particle (two-component) | . . . . Using no carrier particles (one-component) | . . . Using color toners | . . Disclosed development apparatus | . . . Plural development apparatuses opposing to one photoreceptor | ||||
| GA51 | GA52 | GA53 | GA54 | GA56 | GA57 | GA58 | GA59 | GA60 | ||||
| . . . Performing multiple development on photoreceptors | . . . Developer layers contacting with photoreceptors to develop | . . . . Magnetic brush rubbing photoreceptors | . . . Toner particles flying and developing | . . Disclosed application of developing bias | . . . Disclosed application of alternate bias | . . Disclosed normal development | . . Disclosed reversal development | . . Detection of developers, development apparatuses being disclosed: PB | ||||
| GA61 | GA62 | GA63 | GA64 | GA65 | GA66 | GA69 | GA70 | |||||
| . Removing charge on photoreceptor surfaces before transfer and after development | . . Polarity of removing charge having same polarity with toner polarity | . . Polarity of removing charge having reverse polarity with toner polarity | . . . Reversing the polarity of toner charge | . . Using ac for removing charge | . . Irradiating light to photoreceptors | . . Control of removing charge before transfer being disclosed PA | . . Detection of removing charge before transfer being disclosed PB | |||||
| GB | GB00 CONSTITUTION OF WHOLE APPARATUS TO BE THE ASSUMPTIONS (CONTINUED) |
GB01 | GB02 | GB03 | GB04 | GB10 | ||||||
| . Disclosed art relating to removal of electricity of photoreceptors | . . Removal of electricity by light | . . Removal of electricity by charging devices | . . Disclosed wavelength and intensity of removal of electricity | . . Detection of removal of electricity being disclosed PB | ||||||||
| GB11 | GB12 | GB13 | GB14 | GB15 | GB20 | |||||||
| . Disclosed art relating to cleaning of photoreceptors | . . Using blades | . . Using brushes (including brush rollers) | . . . Magnetic brushes (including combined use with development) | . . Using rollers (excluding brush rollers) | . . Detection relating to cleaning being disclosed, PB is given | |||||||
| GB21 | GB22 | GB23 | GB24 | GB25 | GB26 | GB27 | GB30 | |||||
| . Disclosed art relating to fixing | . . Fixing mainly by heat (including half to half) | . . Fixing mainly by pressure (including half to half) | . . Using light | . . Using fixing rollers | . . Using fixing films | . . Disclosed use of releasing agents | . . Control, detection of fixing being disclosed PA, PB | |||||
| GB31 | GB32 | GB33 | GB35 | GB36 | GB37 | GB38 | GB39 | GB40 | ||||
| . Disclosed other processes (*) | . . Performing removing charge for residue toners after transferring | . . Being objects of detection, PB is given | . Performing multiple processes with one apparatus or simultaneously | . . Performing multiple processes simultaneously | . . . Development and cleaning | . . . Primary charging and image exposure | . . . Image exposure and development | . . . Transfer and fixing | ||||
| GB41 | GB42 | GB43 | GB44 | GB45 | GB46 | GB47 | GB48 | GB49 | GB50 | |||
| . Disclosed cases, layouts | . . Clamshell type cases | . . Transferring parts being arranged upward to photoreceptors | . . Discharging trays being on upper parts of apparatus | . Special Application (*) | . . For preparing versions | . . For display | . . Having functions also other than forming images (*) | . . Connection with apparatus other than electrographic apparatus (*) | . Disclosed art relating to measuring, detecting instruments | |||
| HA | HA00 CHARGING (INCLUDING REMOVAL OF ELECTRICITY) PROCESSES AND PRIMARY CHARGING |
HA01 | HA02 | HA03 | HA04 | HA06 | HA07 | HA08 | ||||
| . Contact type charging | . . Applying voltage to charging members | . . . Injecting electric charge in contact parts | . . . Charging by discharge | . . Applying no voltage (excluding friction charging) to charging members | . . . Releasing electric charge (e.g. brushes for removal of electricity) | . . Charged by friction charging | ||||||
| HA11 | HA12 | HA13 | HA14 | HA16 | HA18 | HA19 | HA20 | |||||
| . Contactless type charging | . . Corona discharge | . . Charging by electric fields (non-corona discharge) | . . Other contactless type charging | . Charging using other phenomena | . Voltage being applied to charged member sides | . Forming float states on charged member sides | . Charged member sides being earthed | |||||
| HA21 | HA22 | HA28 | HA29 | HA30 | ||||||||
| . Using charging auxiliary agents | . Referring to charging (discharging) initiation voltage | . Disclosed art relating to primary charging | . . Control of primary charging being disclosed PA | . . Detection of primary charging being disclosed PB | ||||||||
| HB | HB00 CONSTITUTING ELEMENTS OF CHARGING DEVICES (INCLUDING DEVICES FOR REMOVAL OF ELECTRICITY) |
HB01 | HB02 | HB03 | HB04 | HB06 | HB07 | HB08 | ||||
| . Shape of constituting elements of charging devices | . . Charging by independent linear segment portions | . . . Wires | . . . Having several parallel discharge segments | . . Charging by independent tip portions (e.g. needles, saws) | . . . Brushes (excluding magnetic brushes) | . . . . Forming brushes in cylindrical shapes | ||||||
| HB11 | HB12 | HB13 | HB14 | HB16 | HB17 | HB18 | HB20 | |||||
| . . Charging by plane portions | . . . Of cylinder, cylindrical pillar shape | . . . Of belt shape | . . . Of plate shape | . . Charging portions being stuck on bases | . . Using particles for charging | . . Using liquid having no specific shapes, or the like | . . Other formal structures | |||||
| HB21 | HB22 | HB23 | HB26 | HB28 | HB29 | HB30 | ||||||
| . . Charging portions being moved | . . . Charging members being circulated and rotated | . . . . Driving charging members | . Having shield members | . Having grid members | . . Wire-like grids | . . Board-like grids | ||||||
| HB31 | HB32 | HB33 | HB35 | HB36 | HB37 | HB39 | HB40 | |||||
| . Having supporting members of charging members | . . Having fixing members of wires | . Having means for supplying tension | . Having paper-entering prevention members | . . Used linear members such as wires | . . Used projections such as guide ribs | . Members for restricting charged domains in moving directions of photoreceptors | . Members for restricting charged domains in axial directions of photoreceptors | |||||
| HB41 | HB43 | HB45 | HB46 | HB47 | HB48 | |||||||
| . Charging in multiple stages or multiply with plural charging devices | . Layer structure of charging devices being disclosed | . Material of charging devices being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of charging devices being disclosed MB | . Physical characteristics of charging devices being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of charging devices being disclosed NA | |||||||
| JA | JA00 TRANSFER OF TONER IMAGES |
JA01 | JA02 | JA03 | JA04 | JA05 | JA07 | JA08 | JA09 | JA10 | ||
| . Transfer of toner images by static electricity (HA, HB) | . . Electrodes for transfer being faced to transferring parts | . . Having electrodes for transfer before and after transferring parts | . . Having electrodes for transfer on transfer surface side of transfer materials | . . Applying voltage to toner image carrier members | . Transferring toner images by using heat | . Transferring toner images by using pressure | . Transferring toner images by using adhesive forces | . Transferring toner images by using solvents | ||||
| JA11 | JA12 | JA16 | JA18 | JA19 | JA20 | |||||||
| . Transferring toner images by other processes | . Transferring by plural processes | . Transferring repeatedly to transfer materials passed fixing parts | . Transferring toner images on both sides of transfer materials | . Transferring toner images to reciprocally moving transfer materials | . Moving directions being different for photoreceptors or the like and transfer materials | |||||||
| JA21 | JA23 | JA25 | JA26 | JA27 | JA28 | JA29 | JA30 | |||||
| . Having means for assisting transfer | . Layer structure of transfer apparatus being disclosed | . Materials of transfer apparatus being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of transfer apparatus being disclosed MB | . Physical characteristics of transfer apparatus being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of transfer apparatus being disclosed NA | . Control of transfer apparatus being disclosed PA | . Detection of transfer apparatus being disclosed PB | |||||
| JB | JB00 TRANSFER MATERIAL CONVEYING MEMBERS AND TRANSFER MATERIAL GUIDE MEMBERS |
JB01 | JB02 | JB03 | JB04 | JB05 | JB06 | JB07 | JB08 | JB10 | ||
| . Shape of transfer material conveying members (with driving forces) | . . Drum shape (e.g. cylindrical base substances) | . . . Winding films on frames | . . . . Using cylindrical films | . . . . Fixing methods of films to base substances or the like | . . Belt shape | . . . Belts without seam (seamless) | . . . Belts with seam | . . Roller shape (including transfer rollers) | ||||
| JB11 | JB12 | JB13 | JB15 | JB16 | JB17 | JB18 | JB20 | |||||
| . Shape of transfer material guide members (no driving forces) | . . Board-like | . . Roller shape | . Arrangements of transfer material conveying members, guide members for transferring parts | . . Transfer material conveying members, guide members locating in transferring parts | . . Dedicated conveying members, guide members locating before transferring parts | . . Dedicated conveying members, guide members locating after transferring parts | . Referring to registrations rollers | |||||
| JB21 | JB22 | JB23 | JB24 | JB25 | JB26 | JB27 | JB28 | JB29 | ||||
| . Fixing process for transfer materials to transfer conveying members | . . Holding and conveying transfer materials | . . . Interconnecting holding parts between two belts | . . . Structure of mechanical holding (grippers) being disclosed | . . Using electrostatic adsorption | . . . Using charging devices (HA, HB) | . . . Having multiple electrodes for adsorption inside | . . Using air pressure (suction) | . . Using other means | ||||
| JB31 | JB32 | JB33 | JB37 | JB39 | JB40 | |||||||
| . Members for pressing transfer material conveying members | . . Pressing members in transferring parts | . . Pressing members in transfer material holding, adsorbing parts | . Specifying transfer material supply positions to transferring parts | . Constitution of transfer material conveying members, guide members in circumferential directions | . Constitution in width direction of transfer material conveying members, guide members | |||||||
| JB41 | JB42 | JB43 | JB45 | JB46 | JB47 | JB48 | JB49 | JB50 | ||||
| . Removing electricity of transfer material conveying members or guide members | . Cleaning transfer material conveying members or guide members | . Layer structure of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed | . Materials of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed MB | . Physical characteristics of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed NA | . Control of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed PA | . Detection of transfer material conveying members or guide members being disclosed PB | ||||
| JC | JC00 INTERMEDIATE TRANSFERRING BODIES |
JC01 | JC02 | JC03 | JC04 | JC05 | JC07 | JC09 | JC10 | |||
| . Shape of intermediate transferring bodies (e.g. sheets) | . . Cylinders, cylindrical columns (e.g. rolls, drums) | . . Belt shape | . . . Belts without seam (seamless) | . . . Belts with seam | . Members pressing intermediate transferring bodies from inside | . Referring to constitution of intermediate transferring bodies in circumferential direction | . Referring to constitution of intermediate transferring bodies in width direction | |||||
| JC11 | JC12 | JC13 | JC15 | JC16 | JC17 | JC18 | JC19 | JC20 | ||||
| . Removing electricity of intermediate transferring bodies | . Cleaning intermediate transferring bodies | . Layer structures of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed | . Materials of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed MB | . Physical characteristic of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed NA | . Control of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed PA | . Detection of intermediate transferring bodies being disclosed PB | ||||
| KA | KA00 SEPARATION OF TRANSFER MATERIALS |
KA01 | KA02 | KA03 | KA06 | KA07 | KA08 | KA09 | ||||
| . Objects for separating transfer materials (e.g. intermediate transferring bodies) | . . Separation from photoreceptors | . . Separation from transfer material conveying members | . Using forces of electrostatic fields | . . Using charging devices (HA, HB) | . . Using electrostatic adsorption power | . . Using photoirradiation | ||||||
| KA11 | KA12 | KA13 | KA14 | KA15 | KA16 | KA17 | KA20 | |||||
| . Using mechanical power | . . Using mainly weight, rigidity of transfer materials | . . Using projected members | . . Having separation pawls | . . Having separation guides | . . Suction by air flow | . . Spray of air flow | . Using other principles or means | |||||
| KA21 | KA23 | KA25 | KA26 | KA27 | KA28 | KA29 | KA30 | |||||
| . Having discharge prevention means by peeling | . Layer structures of separation devices being disclosed | . Materials of separation devices being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of separation devices being disclosed MB | . Physical characteristic of separation devices being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of separation devices being disclosed NA | . Control of separation devices being disclosed PA | . Detection of separation devices being disclosed PB | |||||
| LA | LA00 MECHANICAL STRUCTURES AROUND PRIMARY CHARGING, TRANSFER, SEPARATION |
LA01 | LA02 | LA03 | LA04 | LA06 | LA07 | LA08 | ||||
| . Attaching and detaching to apparatus main bodies being disclosed | . . Attaching and detaching photoreceptors in axial directions | . . Attaching and detaching photoreceptors in surface contacting and separating directions | . . Mounting by fixing to apparatus main bodies | . Gap adjustment between members, positioning | . . Defining charged bodies as reference surfaces | . . Defining apparatus main body parts as reference surfaces | ||||||
| LA11 | LA12 | LA13 | LA14 | LA15 | LA17 | LA18 | LA19 | LA20 | ||||
| . Member arrangements in apparatus main bodies | . . Specifying arrangement positions around photoreceptors | . . Specifying arrangement positions of photoreceptors in width directions | . . Specifying distances between members | . . . Distances between members on transfer sheet conveying passages | . Disclosed press mechanisms (excluding contact and separation actions) | . Pressing forces being disclosed | . Moving speed of members being disclosed | . The number of revolutions (rpm) being disclosed | ||||
| LA21 | LA22 | LA23 | LA24 | LA25 | LA27 | LA28 | LA29 | LA30 | ||||
| . Mechanical structures for moving members | . . Reciprocating movement | . . Rotational movement | . . Contact and separation action | . . With meandering prevention means | . Referring to drive sources | . Moving members manually | . Referring to means for transmitting driving force | . . Using friction force for driving force transmission | ||||
| LA31 | LA33 | LA34 | LA35 | LA36 | LA38 | LA40 | ||||||
| . With means for heating and cooling | . Electrical connection means being disclosed | . . Connectors being disclosed | . . Referring to wiring and wiring connections | . . Referring to earth | . Being formed in units | . Specific sizes being disclosed | ||||||
| LB | LB00 CLEANING AROUND PRIMARY CHARGING, TRANSFER, SEPARATION, AND REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS |
LB01 | LB02 | LB03 | LB05 | LB08 | LB09 | |||||
| . Cleaning of means for charge, transfer and separation being disclosed | . . Cleaning with mechanical means | . . Cleaning with electrostatic means | . . Cleaning manually | . . Cleaning members moving and cleaning | . . Cleaning members being fixed and cleaning | |||||||
| LB11 | LB12 | LB13 | LB14 | LB15 | LB17 | LB18 | LB19 | LB20 | ||||
| . . Shape of cleaning members being disclosed | . . . Brush (including brush rollers) shape | . . . Rectangular shape (plates, blocks) | . . . Sheet shape | . . . Roller shape | . . Recovery means of removed thing by cleaning being disclosed | . . Cleaning by retransferring to photoreceptors or intermediate transferring bodies | . . Using heat | . . Having polish means | ||||
| LB21 | LB22 | LB24 | LB25 | LB26 | LB27 | LB28 | LB29 | |||||
| . Removal of noxious gases around means for charge, transfer, separation | . . Removal of other than ozone | . . Using catalysts | . . Using heat | . . Using air flow | . . . Removal by suction | . . . By air blast | . . Having filters | |||||
| LB33 | LB35 | LB36 | LB37 | LB38 | LB39 | LB40 | ||||||
| . Layer structure of cleaning and removal means being disclosed | . Materials of cleaning and removal means being disclosed MA | . Electrical characteristics of cleaning and removal means being disclose MB | . Physical characteristics of cleaning and removal means being disclosed MC | . Voltage and current circuits of cleaning and removal means being disclosed NA | . Control of cleaning and removal means being disclosed PA | . Detection of cleaning and removal means being disclosed PB | ||||||
| LC | LC00 MANUFACTURING METHODS RELATING TO PRIMARY CHARGING, TRANSFER, SEPARATION |
LC01 | LC02 | LC03 | LC04 | LC05 | LC06 | LC07 | LC08 | LC09 | LC10 | |
| . Performing cutting | . Performing polishing | . Performing plastic processing | . Performing coating | . Performing etching | . Performing electric discharge processing (sputtering or the like) | . Performing welding | . Performing adhesion | . Performing heat treatment | . Manufacturing methods relating to assembly being disclosed | |||
| MA | MA00 MATERIALS OF MEMBERS (INDEPENDENT IMPARTING NOT ACCEPTABLE) |
MA01 | MA02 | MA03 | MA04 | MA05 | MA06 | MA08 | ||||
| . Basic materials being of metals | . Basic materials being of resins | . . Basic materials of resins being of rubber | . . Basic materials of resins being of plastics | . Basic materials being of non-metals other than resins | . . Non-metals other than resins being carbons | . Having materials of foamed (porous) structure | ||||||
| MA11 | MA12 | MA13 | MA14 | MA17 | MA20 | |||||||
| . Additive materials being of resins | . Additive materials being of metals | . Additive materials being non-metals other than resins | . . Additive materials being carbons | . Being disclosed for mixture, addition rates | . Specific material names being disclosed | |||||||
| MB | MB00 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS (INDEPENDENT IMPARTMENT NOT ACCEPTABLE) |
MB01 | MB02 | MB03 | MB04 | MB05 | MB06 | MB07 | MB08 | MB09 | MB10 | |
| . Having electrically conductive characteristics | . Having semiconductive characteristics | . Having insulating characteristics | . Degree of volume resistivity being disclosed | . Degree of surface electrical resistance being disclosed | . Degree of electrical resistance being disclosed | . Degree of electrical capacitance being disclosed | . Disclosed temperature change for electrical characteristics | . Disclosed humidity change for electrical characteristics | . Disclosed other electrical characteristics | |||
| MC | MC00 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF MEMBERS (INDEPENDENT IMPARTING NOT ACCEPTABLE) |
MC01 | MC02 | MC03 | MC04 | MC05 | MC06 | MC08 | MC09 | MC10 | ||
| . Referring to elasticity | . Referring to hardness | . Referring to strength (e.g. tensile strength) | . . Referring to flexural strength (e.g. bending strength) | . Referring to friction, friction coefficients | . Referring to surface roughness | . Referring to releasing properties | . Referring to adhesiveness | . Referring to viscosity | ||||
| MC11 | MC13 | MC14 | MC15 | MC16 | MC18 | MC20 | ||||||
| . Referring to density, weight | . Referring to magnetic characteristics | . Referring to charging series | . Referring to particle sizes | . Referring to particle shapes | . Referring to changes by temperature, humidity | . Referring to other physical characteristics | ||||||
| NA | NA00 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT APPLIED TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND MEMBERS (IBID.) |
NA01 | NA02 | NA03 | NA04 | NA05 | NA06 | NA08 | NA09 | NA10 | ||
| . Applied voltage, current | . . Applying DC | . . Applying AC | . . . Disclosed sine waves | . . . Disclosed rectangular waves | . . Disclosed superimposing (DC + AC) | . . Current values being disclosed | . . Voltage values being disclosed | . . Frequency being disclosed | ||||
| NA11 | NA13 | NA14 | NA15 | NA16 | NA17 | NA18 | NA19 | |||||
| . . Duty ratios, pulse width being disclosed | . Power supply circuits being disclosed | . . Having transformers | . Having constant voltage circuits | . Having constant current circuits | . Having feedback circuits | . Having comparative circuits | . Having self bias circuits | |||||
| NA21 | NA22 | NA23 | NA24 | NA25 | NA26 | |||||||
| . Referring to use electricity elements | . . Referring to constant voltage elements | . . Referring to electrical resistance | . . Referring to transistors | . . Referring to condensers | . . Referring to electric elements of environmental dependency | |||||||
| PA | PA00 CONTROL (INDEPENDENT IMPARTMENT NOT ACCEPTABLE) |
PA01 | PA02 | PA03 | PA04 | PA05 | PA06 | PA08 | PA09 | PA10 | ||
| . Controlled contents | . . Control of voltage, electric current | . . . Control of output voltage for power supply | . . . Control of output current for power supply | . . . Control of electrical potential (voltage) for members | . . . Control of electric current flowing to members | . . Control of frequency | . . Control of duty ratios, pulse width, waveforms | . . Control of operation time, timing | ||||
| PA11 | PA12 | PA13 | PA14 | PA15 | PA17 | PA18 | PA19 | PA20 | ||||
| . . Control of speeds, acceleration | . . Control of positions, angles | . . . Control of amount of gap | . . Control of pressing forces, nip width | . . Control of temperature, humidity | . Processes of control | . . Disclosed time for determining control output | . . . Obtaining forming conditions at the time of non-formation of images | . . . Changing the image forming conditions during forming images | ||||
| PA21 | PA22 | PA23 | PA24 | PA25 | PA26 | PA27 | PA28 | PA29 | PA30 | |||
| . . . Obtaining next image forming conditions during forming images | . . Disclosed determining methods for control output (output values) | . . . Selecting from plural output (values) | . . . Obtaining by substituting input values into equations | . . Control by manual operation being disclosed | . . Disclosed control content according to copy modes | . . Display or warning being disclosed | . . Disclosed control malfunction treatment and after restoration | . . Constant voltage control | . . Constant current control | |||
| PB | PB00 DETECTION, COUNTING (INDEPENDENT IMPARTING OF PB00 TO PB26 NOT ACCEPTABLE ) |
PB01 | PB02 | PB03 | PB04 | PB05 | PB06 | PB07 | PB08 | |||
| . Detected contents | . . Voltage values | . . Electrical potential | . . . Surface potential | . . Electric current values | . . Charge amount | . . Temperature of members | . . Electric resistance of members | |||||
| PB11 | PB12 | PB13 | PB14 | PB15 | PB16 | PB17 | PB18 | PB19 | PB20 | |||
| . . Presence or absence of members on specific positions | . . . Arriving or passing to specific positions of transfer materials | . . . Arriving or passing to specific positions of toner images | . . Speed, acceleration | . . Positions, angles | . . Positions, arrangements of images | . . Toner image density | . . . Toner image density before transferring | . . . Residue toner density after transferring | . . . Toner image density on transfer materials after transferring | |||
| PB21 | PB22 | PB23 | PB24 | PB25 | PB26 | PB27 | PB28 | PB29 | ||||
| . . Poor separation | . . Dirt of members | . . Electrostatic capacity | . . Wear amount, degradation amount | . . Length, width, and thickness of members | . . Detection of abnormality | . . Environmental temperature | . . Environmental humidity | . . Manuscript states (e.g. including electronic data, number of pixels) | ||||
| PB31 | PB32 | PB33 | PB34 | PB35 | PB36 | PB37 | PB38 | PB39 | PB40 | |||
| . Counting contents | . . Image forming sheet number (e.g. continuation copy number) | . . . Accumulated sheet number | . . Action number (e.g. accumulation number) | . . Time periods, time | . Detection and counting means being disclosed | . . Detecting mechanically | . . Detecting electrically | . . Detecting optically | . . Detection and counting by processing with processing apparatus |